Revisión de Instalar Trisquel con Windows en arranque dual de Mar, 12/17/2013 - 14:16

Instalar Trisquel junto con Windows en el disco duro

Este manual no es un respaldo al uso de sistemas operativos que no son libres. Está diseñado para ayudar a migrar a los usuarios desde sistemas operativos que no son libres a Trisquel.

El proceso de instalación para sistemas de arranque dual es prácticamente idéntico a la instalación estándar. El equipo usado como ejemplo tenía instalado Windows XP pero en general esta instalación no sería diferente si se tiene Vista o Windows 7. La instalación de Trisquel podría dañar la instalación de Windows, por esta razón es muy importante hacer una copia de seguridad del sistema operativo o a menos de los archivos importantes de su sistema. También podría ser bastante útil saber cómo recuperar el MBR (Master Boot Record, registro de arranque maestro) de Windows en caso que Trisquel dañe el cargador de arranque del sistema. En la web hay guías para hacer esto a través de la consola de recuperación integrada en el CD de instalación de Windows; simplemente busque "reparar windows mbr" y encontrará montones de ellas.

Tan pronto como el instalador de Trisquel detecta una partición de Windows disponible, se activará la opción de instalar Trisquel junto con el sistema operativo existente. Deje la opción predefinida a menos que desee remover Windows de su disco duro.

IMPORTANTE: Si no observa la opción "Instalar Trisquel junto con Windows [versión]", NO INTENTE EFECTUAR LA INSTALACIÓN. En vez de ello, siga los siguientes pasos:

1. Reinicie su sistema desde Windows.
2. Desfragmente su disco duro.
3. Go to Disk Management to edit the hard disk partitions. On Windows XP, click Start, type Run, type compmgmt.msc, and click OK. On Windows Vista and Windows 7, search the Control Panel for Disk Management.
4. Once you have Disk Management open, right-click on the span with the largest number as its size (on your C:/ drive) and select "Shrink Volume". Shrink the volume by all the available space, and reboot.

If you still do not see the option, the likely cause is that you have too many logical partitions on your hard drive. Your computer will likely have a "Recovery" disk placed there by the manufacturer. Find and follow the instructions to delete this partition for your computer model.

At this point, reboot into the installer.

The Trisquel installer will now show how much disk space is going to be allocated for Trisquel. You can adjust the size of the Trisquel partition as needed. In general, it is important you have enough space available on your Windows partition. If not, then delete un-needed files from it. Secondly the Windows drive might need to be defragged prior installation of Trisquel. This is caused by file being written in a distributed manor over the Windows partition. Depending on how much you save and delete files in your Windows installation, there might be fragments of existing files which allocate blocks at the very end of the Windows partition even if there are several GB freely available in between. If you are unable to resize your Windows partition to the size you want, consider deleting files followed by defragging your harddisk within Windows. Resizing both partitions can be easily done by dragging the vertical line in between the partition layout with your mouse. 10-20GB should be the minimum partition size for installing Trisquel. This is of course depending on the amount of programs you wish to install afterwards.

Trisquel will then show the message box below which you have to confirm. Be aware that after clicking on "Continue" here physical changes will be done to your harddrive. Depending on your system (HDD speed, CPU, motherboard) resizing the Windows partition can quite take a while.

After successful resizing of the Windows partition and generation of the Trisquel partition the Trisquel installer will ask your if you wish to install any user-related information from your Windows partition. This includes your user as well as your documents and certain settings within Windows. For a clean Trisquel installation leave the box unchecked.

If everything worked fine the system will reboot after you configured the standard settings (User, password, timezone, etc) and show up a boot menu where you can both select Trisquel and Windows. If you wish to set Windows as the primary OS, you need to consider the man pages and howto's related to GRUB2 configuration how to achieve this.

After logging into Trisquel with the configured user, you will notice that the Windows partition is visible and will be mounted as soon as you click on it. Depending on your use case this might be fine or not. I you like to exchange files with your Windows partition back and forth, this behavior might be acceptable.

If you want to automount the Windows partition you will need to adjust your /etc/fstab.

Simply add a line like this:

/dev/sda1     /opt/windrive    ntfs-3g  rw     0 0

Of course you will need to generate /opt/windrive and change the ownership for your user prior rebooting your system. For this you simply need to launch a terminal.

First, we generate the target directory where we mount the Windows partition:

sudo mkdir /opt/windrive

Second, we change the ownership of the target directory:

sudo chown <your-user>:<your-user> /opt/windrive

Of course you will need to substitute <your-user> with your true username.

After reboot (or reloading all mount points in /etc/fstab via sudo mount -a) the Windows partition will not be visible anymore inside the file manager. Instead it will be mounted under /opt/windrive. In case your fear the integrity of your Windows drive, you might even want to mount it as read-only system. Simply change the option rw in the fstab example above to ro.

The line in the fstab would then look like this:

/dev/sda1     /opt/windrive    ntfs-3g  ro     0 0