1 00:00:00,860 --> 00:00:04,470 Is it just me, or does the evolutionary story 2 00:00:04,470 --> 00:00:06,870 keep changing? 3 00:00:06,870 --> 00:00:08,370 [THEME MUSIC] 4 00:00:21,116 --> 00:00:21,616 Hm. 5 00:00:21,616 --> 00:00:22,396 Hi, John. 6 00:00:22,396 --> 00:00:22,895 Hey. 7 00:00:22,895 --> 00:00:23,785 Woo. 8 00:00:23,785 --> 00:00:25,120 Oh. 9 00:00:25,120 --> 00:00:27,070 Hey, where'd this trunk come from? 10 00:00:27,070 --> 00:00:27,930 Up in the attic. 11 00:00:27,930 --> 00:00:29,860 I was cleaning it out earlier, and I found it. 12 00:00:29,860 --> 00:00:31,230 And it's got a whole bunch of junk in here. 13 00:00:31,230 --> 00:00:33,032 But some of it is actually helping me 14 00:00:33,032 --> 00:00:34,115 with our science homework. 15 00:00:34,115 --> 00:00:35,290 Hey, hey, check this out. 16 00:00:35,290 --> 00:00:36,880 Oh, man. 17 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:39,006 Oh, was this your grandpa's old yearbook? 18 00:00:39,006 --> 00:00:40,830 JOHN: Yeah, it must have been. 19 00:00:40,830 --> 00:00:43,290 JANE: Look how out of date everyone looks. 20 00:00:43,290 --> 00:00:47,375 Was this really in style back then? 21 00:00:47,375 --> 00:00:49,750 Do you think our kids are going to look at our yearbooks 22 00:00:49,750 --> 00:00:52,073 and say the same things? 23 00:00:52,073 --> 00:00:52,572 Nah. 24 00:00:52,572 --> 00:00:53,374 Nah. 25 00:00:53,374 --> 00:00:55,040 So how'd you say this trunk helped you? 26 00:00:55,040 --> 00:00:58,690 Well, I'm starting to get the picture on human evolution. 27 00:01:01,277 --> 00:01:01,776 Whew. 28 00:01:01,776 --> 00:01:02,708 Ooh. 29 00:01:02,708 --> 00:01:04,069 [COUGHING] 30 00:01:04,069 --> 00:01:08,170 This book was published in 1925 by Sir Arthur Keith. 31 00:01:08,170 --> 00:01:11,490 And now he was the president of the Royal Anthropological 32 00:01:11,490 --> 00:01:13,380 Society of Great Britain. 33 00:01:13,380 --> 00:01:14,490 JANE: And the skull? 34 00:01:14,490 --> 00:01:16,580 JOHN: It was found in 1912. 35 00:01:16,580 --> 00:01:20,260 Now it called Piltdown Man the find of the 20th century. 36 00:01:20,260 --> 00:01:22,650 I think it was the "New York Times" said that it 37 00:01:22,650 --> 00:01:24,830 proves the theory of evolution. 38 00:01:24,830 --> 00:01:27,500 There were like 500 articles published 39 00:01:27,500 --> 00:01:29,090 when they first found this. 40 00:01:29,090 --> 00:01:32,835 Then in 1953, they discovered that the skull was a fake. 41 00:01:32,835 --> 00:01:34,490 Are you serious? 42 00:01:34,490 --> 00:01:35,250 JOHN: Oh, yeah. 43 00:01:35,250 --> 00:01:38,340 They took chemicals, and they aged the skull. 44 00:01:38,340 --> 00:01:40,700 They made it look like it was really, really old. 45 00:01:40,700 --> 00:01:43,560 And then the jaw is actually from an orangutan. 46 00:01:43,560 --> 00:01:45,720 And the guy who discovered it, he 47 00:01:45,720 --> 00:01:49,800 actually filed the teeth down and made it look real. 48 00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:51,970 What the heck were scientists thinking? 49 00:01:51,970 --> 00:01:54,660 Have you ever heard of Nebraska Man? 50 00:01:54,660 --> 00:01:58,010 Nebraska Man was the first American ape-man fossil 51 00:01:58,010 --> 00:01:59,620 to be discovered. 52 00:01:59,620 --> 00:02:01,895 And Harold Cooke found just a tooth. 53 00:02:01,895 --> 00:02:05,542 Huh, I bet that made for a snoozing museum display. 54 00:02:05,542 --> 00:02:07,000 JOHN: Yeah, well, it was big enough 55 00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:08,740 for the "New York Times," OK. 56 00:02:08,740 --> 00:02:11,730 And then it went viral for back then. 57 00:02:11,730 --> 00:02:14,890 And the "London News" did a whole drawing on it 58 00:02:14,890 --> 00:02:16,960 from a single tooth. 59 00:02:16,960 --> 00:02:19,310 There's still a picture of him on Wikipedia. 60 00:02:19,310 --> 00:02:21,910 JANE: They drew all that based on a tooth? 61 00:02:21,910 --> 00:02:24,180 Yeah, but 10 years later, they discovered 62 00:02:24,180 --> 00:02:27,770 that that tooth was actually from an extinct pig. 63 00:02:27,770 --> 00:02:29,320 No way. 64 00:02:29,320 --> 00:02:31,920 Yeah, so Piltdown Man was the popular proof 65 00:02:31,920 --> 00:02:33,610 for evolution for 40 years. 66 00:02:33,610 --> 00:02:36,510 And Nebraska Man was the popular proof for 10. 67 00:02:36,510 --> 00:02:39,410 Makes you wonder about what they're teaching us today. 68 00:02:39,410 --> 00:02:40,670 I'm way ahead of you. 69 00:02:40,670 --> 00:02:43,650 Take a look at my little brother's sixth grade history 70 00:02:43,650 --> 00:02:44,820 book. 71 00:02:44,820 --> 00:02:46,790 Really, your brother's book? 72 00:02:46,790 --> 00:02:48,501 You have way too much time on your hands. 73 00:02:48,501 --> 00:02:49,000 Hm. 74 00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:50,350 Eh. 75 00:02:50,350 --> 00:02:53,756 Well, some of these ape men look familiar. 76 00:02:53,756 --> 00:02:55,490 Long-lost relatives of yours? 77 00:02:55,490 --> 00:02:56,390 No, I'm just kidding. 78 00:02:56,390 --> 00:02:59,650 But no, it's because they're in our book as well. 79 00:02:59,650 --> 00:03:03,650 Oh, well in our book, they say Australopithecus afarensis 80 00:03:03,650 --> 00:03:07,710 evolved 3.82, three million years ago. 81 00:03:07,710 --> 00:03:11,780 But in the sixth grade book, Australopithecus evolving 82 00:03:11,780 --> 00:03:14,134 four to five million years ago. 83 00:03:14,134 --> 00:03:15,610 Uh, huh. 84 00:03:15,610 --> 00:03:17,230 Now look at this. 85 00:03:17,230 --> 00:03:21,800 This is an old 1951 "Life" magazine publication. 86 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:23,550 JANE: According to this, Australopithecus 87 00:03:23,550 --> 00:03:27,050 lived a million to 500,000 years ago. 88 00:03:27,050 --> 00:03:29,600 Wow, that's different by a few million years. 89 00:03:29,600 --> 00:03:30,680 Hm mm. 90 00:03:30,680 --> 00:03:33,120 These dates are all over the place. 91 00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:35,080 Yeah, well, it gets worse. 92 00:03:35,080 --> 00:03:37,663 So this is our biology, the Holt biology book. 93 00:03:39,052 --> 00:03:44,620 And it shows Homo habilis as living 94 00:03:44,620 --> 00:03:49,260 1.6 to 1.9 million years ago. 95 00:03:49,260 --> 00:03:54,370 But in the sixth grade one, it's 2.4 million years ago. 96 00:03:54,370 --> 00:03:55,940 So which one's true? 97 00:03:55,940 --> 00:03:58,470 I guess it depends on which class you're in. 98 00:03:58,470 --> 00:04:02,600 So what I'm wondering is if any of these dates are correct. 99 00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:05,640 It looks like today's truth is just tomorrow's fiction. 100 00:04:05,640 --> 00:04:07,480 If you look back at all the textbooks, 101 00:04:07,480 --> 00:04:10,820 they're all published at about the same time. 102 00:04:10,820 --> 00:04:13,000 Take a look at my little brother's sixth grade book. 103 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:17,560 Now, this book shows all of the popular fossils today. 104 00:04:17,560 --> 00:04:21,450 OK, so here we are, Homo sapiens, right. 105 00:04:21,450 --> 00:04:24,330 JOHN: Right, but check out what came before us. 106 00:04:24,330 --> 00:04:25,550 JANE: Homo erectus. 107 00:04:25,550 --> 00:04:26,050 JOHN: Right. 108 00:04:26,050 --> 00:04:28,096 And while he had a human body, evolutionists 109 00:04:28,096 --> 00:04:30,470 like to point out that he had a different skull, at least 110 00:04:30,470 --> 00:04:31,900 a modern human skull. 111 00:04:31,900 --> 00:04:35,840 Now, the journal "Science" back in October of 2013, 112 00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:40,050 they reported they found skulls in Georgia, like Russia. 113 00:04:40,050 --> 00:04:45,310 It shows how different the Homo erectus skulls can look. 114 00:04:45,310 --> 00:04:47,450 JANE: Wow, they are so different. 115 00:04:47,450 --> 00:04:50,520 JOHN: Homo erectus and human skulls can be very similar. 116 00:04:50,520 --> 00:04:54,830 In fact, they did a study on 202 modern-day Aborigines, 117 00:04:54,830 --> 00:04:58,010 like Australians, on the shape of their skulls. 118 00:04:58,010 --> 00:05:01,920 And they found that 14 of the 17 traits 119 00:05:01,920 --> 00:05:06,090 were the same on the Aborigines as on the Homo erectus skulls. 120 00:05:06,090 --> 00:05:09,910 So it looks like Homo erectus wasn't becoming human 121 00:05:09,910 --> 00:05:12,230 but was already human? 122 00:05:12,230 --> 00:05:13,720 Exactly. 123 00:05:13,720 --> 00:05:16,430 The next ape man back is Homo habilis. 124 00:05:16,430 --> 00:05:18,220 "Homo" means "human." 125 00:05:18,220 --> 00:05:21,520 So they're trying to make him look more human-like than he 126 00:05:21,520 --> 00:05:22,910 really is. 127 00:05:22,910 --> 00:05:25,160 Richard Leakey is a famous evolutionist. 128 00:05:25,160 --> 00:05:28,280 And he said, "Of the several dozen specimens that have been 129 00:05:28,280 --> 00:05:31,260 said at one time or another to belong to Homo habilis, 130 00:05:31,260 --> 00:05:33,080 at least half of them don't. 131 00:05:33,080 --> 00:05:37,160 But there is no consensus as to which 50% should be excluded. 132 00:05:37,160 --> 00:05:41,520 No one anthropologist's 50% is quite the same as another's." 133 00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:43,310 So they can't even really classify 134 00:05:43,310 --> 00:05:45,580 which fossils are supposed to go into which category. 135 00:05:45,580 --> 00:05:48,010 In fact, some scientists are fighting 136 00:05:48,010 --> 00:05:50,300 to have Homo habilis reclassified 137 00:05:50,300 --> 00:05:51,600 as Australopithecus. 138 00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:52,490 JANE: Which one? 139 00:05:52,490 --> 00:05:54,040 Australopithecus is Lucy. 140 00:05:54,040 --> 00:05:56,235 Oh, yeah, I've heard of her. 141 00:05:56,235 --> 00:05:59,950 Yeah, now Donald Johanson in 1973 142 00:05:59,950 --> 00:06:03,550 discovered just the shin and the leg bone. 143 00:06:03,550 --> 00:06:06,590 Now the way they line up makes scientists think 144 00:06:06,590 --> 00:06:07,870 that she could walk upright. 145 00:06:07,870 --> 00:06:08,836 Hm mm. 146 00:06:08,836 --> 00:06:11,808 JOHN: Hey, there's a picture of her. 147 00:06:11,808 --> 00:06:14,980 JANE: Wow, there's a lot of her missing. 148 00:06:14,980 --> 00:06:16,972 JOHN: Hey, at least it's more than a tooth. 149 00:06:16,972 --> 00:06:18,580 JANE: That's true. 150 00:06:18,580 --> 00:06:21,080 You want to see the fragments of the skull that they found? 151 00:06:21,080 --> 00:06:22,331 Sure. 152 00:06:22,331 --> 00:06:25,390 JOHN: All right, wait for it. 153 00:06:25,390 --> 00:06:28,210 Booyah. 154 00:06:28,210 --> 00:06:30,560 JANE: Wow. 155 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:31,953 JOHN: That's what they found. 156 00:06:31,953 --> 00:06:35,539 It's not that much. 157 00:06:35,539 --> 00:06:37,080 Man, there's a lot of skulls in here. 158 00:06:37,080 --> 00:06:39,110 Was your grandpa a witch doctor? 159 00:06:39,110 --> 00:06:40,530 No, he was a yard sailor. 160 00:06:40,530 --> 00:06:43,740 Now, look at what we have here. 161 00:06:43,740 --> 00:06:48,790 We have here a modern bonobo monkey skull, and we have Lucy. 162 00:06:48,790 --> 00:06:51,290 So the brown pieces are the actual fragments 163 00:06:51,290 --> 00:06:53,602 of Lucy's skull that they found. 164 00:06:53,602 --> 00:06:55,750 JANE: Well, they look so alike. 165 00:06:55,750 --> 00:06:59,560 JOHN: Her brain is only a third the size of a modern human's, 166 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:01,940 about the average chimp brain size. 167 00:07:01,940 --> 00:07:05,000 And she only stood about three and 1/2 feet tall. 168 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:06,870 Take a look at the way that Lucy has 169 00:07:06,870 --> 00:07:13,090 been portrayed in like the media, like in books and films, 170 00:07:13,090 --> 00:07:14,750 online. 171 00:07:14,750 --> 00:07:15,862 JANE: Wow. 172 00:07:15,862 --> 00:07:16,570 JOHN: Everywhere. 173 00:07:16,570 --> 00:07:18,440 JANE: They really went out of their way 174 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:21,040 to make her look human-like. 175 00:07:21,040 --> 00:07:23,736 Take a look in our other biology book. 176 00:07:23,736 --> 00:07:25,250 JANE: Oh, wow. 177 00:07:25,250 --> 00:07:27,062 Hey, look at the whites of those eyes. 178 00:07:27,062 --> 00:07:29,020 You know, I've been to a lot of different zoos. 179 00:07:29,020 --> 00:07:30,750 And I've seen a lot of different apes. 180 00:07:30,750 --> 00:07:34,380 And each of them have completely brown eyes, and not the eye 181 00:07:34,380 --> 00:07:36,904 whites that us humans have. 182 00:07:36,904 --> 00:07:41,480 Man, it even looks like she's thinking about something. 183 00:07:41,480 --> 00:07:44,170 Yeah, bananas. 184 00:07:44,170 --> 00:07:46,140 I don't think they found any eyeball fossils. 185 00:07:46,140 --> 00:07:49,469 But if you wanted to make an ape man look more human, 186 00:07:49,469 --> 00:07:51,510 changing the colors of the eye whites in pictures 187 00:07:51,510 --> 00:07:52,850 is a good way to do it. 188 00:07:52,850 --> 00:07:53,830 That's true. 189 00:07:53,830 --> 00:07:56,490 JOHN: Here's a picture of what she probably looked like. 190 00:07:56,490 --> 00:07:58,768 JANE: Man, what a difference. 191 00:07:58,768 --> 00:08:00,780 JOHN: Yeah, well, they do say they 192 00:08:00,780 --> 00:08:03,000 have found several complete skeletons 193 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:07,800 of the Australopithecus, though not specifically Lucy. 194 00:08:07,800 --> 00:08:14,470 They found around 360, 362 actual specimens 195 00:08:14,470 --> 00:08:18,350 from the species Australopithecus, specifically 196 00:08:18,350 --> 00:08:18,870 Lucy. 197 00:08:18,870 --> 00:08:23,690 However, Charles Oxnard said, "The australopithecines 198 00:08:23,690 --> 00:08:25,710 known over the last several decades 199 00:08:25,710 --> 00:08:28,800 are now irrevocably removed from a place in the evolution 200 00:08:28,800 --> 00:08:29,750 of human bipedalism. 201 00:08:29,750 --> 00:08:33,500 All this should make us wonder about the usual presentation 202 00:08:33,500 --> 00:08:37,617 of human evolution in introductory textbooks." 203 00:08:37,617 --> 00:08:39,200 Well, now you understand why I've been 204 00:08:39,200 --> 00:08:40,900 digging through this chest. 205 00:08:40,900 --> 00:08:45,290 I mean, really, the way it looks is that Lucy is just 206 00:08:45,290 --> 00:08:46,424 an extinct ape. 207 00:08:46,424 --> 00:08:50,562 I'm kind of feeling angry, like I've been duped. 208 00:08:50,562 --> 00:08:52,020 JOHN: Same thing with Neanderthals. 209 00:08:52,020 --> 00:08:53,436 Check out these illustrations that 210 00:08:53,436 --> 00:08:56,639 came out after they started finding Neanderthal fossils. 211 00:08:56,639 --> 00:08:57,430 Check this one out. 212 00:08:57,430 --> 00:08:59,750 This was published in the "Illustrated London News" 213 00:08:59,750 --> 00:09:01,560 about 100 years ago. 214 00:09:01,560 --> 00:09:03,300 JANE: Whoa. 215 00:09:03,300 --> 00:09:06,090 OK, that's pretty brutish. 216 00:09:06,090 --> 00:09:08,548 Now do you want to know what they think he looks like now? 217 00:09:08,548 --> 00:09:10,300 Sure. 218 00:09:10,300 --> 00:09:12,640 Uh, wow. 219 00:09:12,640 --> 00:09:16,070 Just recently, scientists have discovered that Neanderthals 220 00:09:16,070 --> 00:09:16,972 buried their dead. 221 00:09:16,972 --> 00:09:17,930 They worked with tools. 222 00:09:17,930 --> 00:09:18,790 They wore makeup. 223 00:09:18,790 --> 00:09:20,240 They controlled fire. 224 00:09:20,240 --> 00:09:22,490 And they even found in a cave in Israel 225 00:09:22,490 --> 00:09:24,490 that Neanderthals and humans were 226 00:09:24,490 --> 00:09:27,380 living together and building families together, 227 00:09:27,380 --> 00:09:28,720 and in other places as well. 228 00:09:28,720 --> 00:09:30,960 OK, well, OK, you know what, that settles it. 229 00:09:30,960 --> 00:09:32,320 That settles it. 230 00:09:32,320 --> 00:09:35,130 If they could live together and if they have children together, 231 00:09:35,130 --> 00:09:37,820 then Neanderthals are just humans. 232 00:09:37,820 --> 00:09:39,740 But the difference is that their appearance 233 00:09:39,740 --> 00:09:43,730 varies, just like different people groups today can vary. 234 00:09:43,730 --> 00:09:47,170 So either these fossils are completely human or completely 235 00:09:47,170 --> 00:09:49,400 ape with nothing in between. 236 00:09:49,400 --> 00:09:54,290 Now, a specimen is basically any piece of bone, including 237 00:09:54,290 --> 00:09:55,560 teeth, that they find. 238 00:09:55,560 --> 00:09:57,640 All the specimens from all the different ape 239 00:09:57,640 --> 00:10:00,030 men that they've actually found, you 240 00:10:00,030 --> 00:10:02,600 can fit them in the back of a small pickup truck. 241 00:10:02,600 --> 00:10:04,770 Are you serious? 242 00:10:04,770 --> 00:10:07,220 Dead serious. 243 00:10:07,220 --> 00:10:10,400 Now if our textbooks won't address the new evidence, 244 00:10:10,400 --> 00:10:12,000 what does the Bible say? 245 00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:16,070 Man was created on the sixth day in God's image out of dirt, 246 00:10:16,070 --> 00:10:18,130 and God breathed life into him. 247 00:10:18,130 --> 00:10:21,980 And I Corinthians 15:39 says, "All flesh is not 248 00:10:21,980 --> 00:10:23,820 the same kind of flesh, but there 249 00:10:23,820 --> 00:10:27,350 is one kind of flesh of men, another flesh of animals, 250 00:10:27,350 --> 00:10:30,240 another of fish, and another of birds." 251 00:10:30,240 --> 00:10:32,664 That's sums it up pretty nicely. 252 00:10:32,664 --> 00:10:33,600 Yep. 253 00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:35,460 So what do you think of grandpa's chest? 254 00:10:35,460 --> 00:10:36,860 I thought it was amazing. 255 00:10:36,860 --> 00:10:37,850 Me, too. 256 00:10:37,850 --> 00:10:42,280 And we learned that just like a style can go out of fashion, 257 00:10:42,280 --> 00:10:45,060 the popular ape-men theories and their fossils 258 00:10:45,060 --> 00:10:46,110 do the same thing. 259 00:10:46,110 --> 00:10:48,350 And while their theory keeps changing, 260 00:10:48,350 --> 00:10:50,750 God's word never does. 261 00:10:50,750 --> 00:10:52,650 Kind of makes you think, doesn't it. 262 00:10:59,360 --> 00:11:02,120 Is it just me or has the evolution 263 00:11:02,120 --> 00:11:06,158 from one kind of animal into another ever been seen? 264 00:11:18,390 --> 00:11:21,700 So Darwin's finches left South America, 265 00:11:21,700 --> 00:11:24,920 traveled to the Galapagos Islands, and over time, 266 00:11:24,920 --> 00:11:28,520 each island developed its own species. 267 00:11:28,520 --> 00:11:32,040 But is that really evolution? 268 00:11:32,040 --> 00:11:34,160 Jane, Jane, Jane, look at it. 269 00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:37,670 I've got a new app for my phone, flashlight. 270 00:11:37,670 --> 00:11:38,610 I love this phone. 271 00:11:38,610 --> 00:11:40,480 It's got like everything you need on it. 272 00:11:40,480 --> 00:11:41,850 It's got GPS. 273 00:11:41,850 --> 00:11:44,540 It's got constellations. 274 00:11:44,540 --> 00:11:47,450 What did people do before smartphones? 275 00:11:47,450 --> 00:11:48,570 Their homework. 276 00:11:48,570 --> 00:11:51,980 Dude, watch this. 277 00:11:51,980 --> 00:11:52,926 JANE: Nice. 278 00:11:52,926 --> 00:11:56,360 Now, can we turn the lights back on so we can study? 279 00:11:56,360 --> 00:11:59,570 JOHN: Yeah, uh, sure, you and your cell. 280 00:11:59,570 --> 00:12:00,700 I know, right. 281 00:12:00,700 --> 00:12:05,260 This phone and me, we're going to take over the world. 282 00:12:05,260 --> 00:12:08,930 Can it make me a puppy? 283 00:12:08,930 --> 00:12:12,790 Yeah, oops, uh, wrong icon. 284 00:12:12,790 --> 00:12:16,970 I'll have them on in just a second. 285 00:12:16,970 --> 00:12:18,240 Jane? 286 00:12:18,240 --> 00:12:20,230 Jane? 287 00:12:20,230 --> 00:12:24,220 How did I even-- how does that even? 288 00:12:24,220 --> 00:12:26,830 Man, I guess those extra gigabytes really paid off. 289 00:12:26,830 --> 00:12:29,310 JANE: Henrietta, Henrietta. 290 00:12:29,310 --> 00:12:29,930 Jane? 291 00:12:29,930 --> 00:12:31,446 JANE: There you are. 292 00:12:31,446 --> 00:12:35,150 Oh, man, since the lights went out again, I went to make sure 293 00:12:35,150 --> 00:12:36,980 Henrietta had some water. 294 00:12:36,980 --> 00:12:39,922 Oh, come here babies. 295 00:12:39,922 --> 00:12:44,260 Ah, well, don't we look cute together? 296 00:12:44,260 --> 00:12:48,550 Yeah, the resemblance is, ahem, frightening. 297 00:12:48,550 --> 00:12:50,370 Oh, you didn't think I was-- 298 00:12:50,370 --> 00:12:53,580 You said, make me a puppy. 299 00:12:53,580 --> 00:12:56,420 Oh, your smartphone is pretty amazing. 300 00:12:56,420 --> 00:12:59,820 But it can only do things it's programmed to do. 301 00:12:59,820 --> 00:13:01,566 Hey, that's it. 302 00:13:01,566 --> 00:13:03,690 That's the difference. 303 00:13:03,690 --> 00:13:04,190 What? 304 00:13:04,190 --> 00:13:05,280 What's the difference? 305 00:13:05,280 --> 00:13:07,830 JANE: Um, I've been reading through our textbook. 306 00:13:07,830 --> 00:13:09,570 And they keep giving great examples 307 00:13:09,570 --> 00:13:11,320 of how creatures change, like Darwin's 308 00:13:11,320 --> 00:13:14,440 finches or these tortoises. 309 00:13:14,440 --> 00:13:17,850 But this isn't evolution by natural forces 310 00:13:17,850 --> 00:13:21,490 if these animals were programmed to adapt like that. 311 00:13:21,490 --> 00:13:22,750 I see what you're saying. 312 00:13:22,750 --> 00:13:25,390 Many evolutionists consider any change 313 00:13:25,390 --> 00:13:28,920 as evolution, which makes it seem like we're always 314 00:13:28,920 --> 00:13:30,220 evolving upward. 315 00:13:30,220 --> 00:13:33,790 But not all changes come from accidental errors 316 00:13:33,790 --> 00:13:35,150 through mutation. 317 00:13:35,150 --> 00:13:37,520 Some preprogrammed variation helps 318 00:13:37,520 --> 00:13:40,950 animals adapt through genetic recombining. 319 00:13:40,950 --> 00:13:47,430 Now, look at this. 320 00:13:47,430 --> 00:13:50,700 Our book lists the sources of genetic variation. 321 00:13:50,700 --> 00:13:53,460 This page lists the two main sources of change 322 00:13:53,460 --> 00:13:58,240 as mutation and genetic recombination. 323 00:13:58,240 --> 00:14:02,460 So mutations would be accidents, errors. 324 00:14:02,460 --> 00:14:03,110 Right. 325 00:14:03,110 --> 00:14:04,970 Mutations are usually caused when 326 00:14:04,970 --> 00:14:07,750 there's an error copying a creature's genetic information, 327 00:14:07,750 --> 00:14:09,270 which is found in its DNA. 328 00:14:09,270 --> 00:14:12,240 It could lose, duplicate, or even copy 329 00:14:12,240 --> 00:14:14,200 letters in the genetic code. 330 00:14:14,200 --> 00:14:17,670 But if I delete, scramble, or duplicate letters, 331 00:14:17,670 --> 00:14:20,370 won't I eventually get a new word? 332 00:14:20,370 --> 00:14:23,970 Sure, but a new word doesn't necessarily mean anything. 333 00:14:23,970 --> 00:14:35,860 So if I scramble the letters in "puppy," 334 00:14:35,860 --> 00:14:37,410 it just means jibberish. 335 00:14:37,410 --> 00:14:38,200 Exactly. 336 00:14:38,200 --> 00:14:39,990 Mutations might be able to create 337 00:14:39,990 --> 00:14:42,000 a new combination of letters, but it 338 00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:44,710 needs to have a meaning for the cell to use as a blueprint 339 00:14:44,710 --> 00:14:45,360 later on. 340 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:47,340 In other words, a code isn't really 341 00:14:47,340 --> 00:14:49,340 a code without some assigned meaning. 342 00:14:49,340 --> 00:14:52,420 Jibberish can't create anything. 343 00:14:52,420 --> 00:14:54,900 So mutations are always bad? 344 00:14:54,900 --> 00:14:57,690 Yeah, look at what it says. 345 00:14:57,690 --> 00:15:00,880 "Some mutations such as those that cause genetic diseases 346 00:15:00,880 --> 00:15:02,110 may be lethal. 347 00:15:02,110 --> 00:15:04,170 Other mutations may lower fitness 348 00:15:04,170 --> 00:15:06,240 by decreasing an individual's ability 349 00:15:06,240 --> 00:15:08,080 to survive and reproduce. 350 00:15:08,080 --> 00:15:11,380 Still other mutations may improve an individual's ability 351 00:15:11,380 --> 00:15:13,340 to survive and reproduce." 352 00:15:13,340 --> 00:15:16,460 It looks like they agree that mutations are bad. 353 00:15:16,460 --> 00:15:20,330 But then why do they say some may improve an individual? 354 00:15:20,330 --> 00:15:26,180 They give you an example right here. 355 00:15:26,180 --> 00:15:28,970 "Over the past 20 years, mutations in the mosquito 356 00:15:28,970 --> 00:15:31,520 genome have made many African mosquitoes 357 00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:34,170 resistant to the chemical pesticides once used 358 00:15:34,170 --> 00:15:36,080 to control them." 359 00:15:36,080 --> 00:15:40,010 OK, so it looks like the mosquitoes are better off 360 00:15:40,010 --> 00:15:41,550 because of mutation. 361 00:15:41,550 --> 00:15:45,360 Yes, but what they don't tell you is that resistance actually 362 00:15:45,360 --> 00:15:48,930 came from a loss of information in the mosquito's genetic code. 363 00:15:48,930 --> 00:15:52,170 The mosquito's ability to control its enzyme production 364 00:15:52,170 --> 00:15:53,370 is now messed up. 365 00:15:53,370 --> 00:15:56,150 And one of the strange side effects of too many enzymes 366 00:15:56,150 --> 00:15:59,230 is increased pesticide resistance. 367 00:15:59,230 --> 00:16:02,030 However, normal mosquitoes without the disease 368 00:16:02,030 --> 00:16:05,560 are much healthier in the wild, where there is no pesticide. 369 00:16:05,560 --> 00:16:07,990 So it was a loss of information, 370 00:16:07,990 --> 00:16:11,380 but it was a benefit for those mosquitoes, right. 371 00:16:11,380 --> 00:16:13,630 Well, they only benefit by being more 372 00:16:13,630 --> 00:16:15,410 resistant to the pesticide. 373 00:16:15,410 --> 00:16:18,300 The point is by losing information, 374 00:16:18,300 --> 00:16:20,590 they lost control of an enzyme's production. 375 00:16:20,590 --> 00:16:24,770 Now evolution needs to explain gains of information over time. 376 00:16:24,770 --> 00:16:27,020 And the same goes for other examples they give, 377 00:16:27,020 --> 00:16:29,430 like bacteria becoming more resistant, 378 00:16:29,430 --> 00:16:33,550 bone density, humans becoming more resistant to HIV. 379 00:16:33,550 --> 00:16:35,090 But if a population of creatures 380 00:16:35,090 --> 00:16:39,260 continues to lose information, could it be deadly for them? 381 00:16:39,260 --> 00:16:40,060 Bingo. 382 00:16:40,060 --> 00:16:41,550 But here's the real problem. 383 00:16:41,550 --> 00:16:45,070 People count on that loss of information from mutations 384 00:16:45,070 --> 00:16:48,660 to create the genetic blueprint for every living creature 385 00:16:48,660 --> 00:16:51,480 on Earth out of nothing. 386 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:52,670 That's crazy. 387 00:16:52,670 --> 00:16:53,290 No way. 388 00:16:53,290 --> 00:16:54,610 That's so impossible. 389 00:16:54,610 --> 00:16:56,230 It destroys evolution. 390 00:16:56,230 --> 00:16:57,840 Right. 391 00:16:57,840 --> 00:17:01,980 OK, so what about the other changes, program change, or you 392 00:17:01,980 --> 00:17:04,890 called it genetic recombination? 393 00:17:04,890 --> 00:17:06,290 Look at what it says here. 394 00:17:06,290 --> 00:17:09,200 "Most heritable differences are due not to mutations 395 00:17:09,200 --> 00:17:11,569 but to genetic recombination." 396 00:17:11,569 --> 00:17:14,089 So God not only created all the animals, 397 00:17:14,089 --> 00:17:17,260 He also packed them with enough genetic information that 398 00:17:17,260 --> 00:17:19,510 would allow them to adapt to different environments 399 00:17:19,510 --> 00:17:22,770 and varieties we see today. 400 00:17:22,770 --> 00:17:24,280 So adaptation is real? 401 00:17:24,280 --> 00:17:26,190 Yeah, I saw an explanation of it 402 00:17:26,190 --> 00:17:30,560 in the "Focus on Earth Science." "Individuals 403 00:17:30,560 --> 00:17:32,280 with characteristics that are poorly 404 00:17:32,280 --> 00:17:34,900 suited to the environment are less likely to survive 405 00:17:34,900 --> 00:17:36,080 and reproduce." 406 00:17:36,080 --> 00:17:38,920 JANE: "Over time, poorly suited characteristics 407 00:17:38,920 --> 00:17:41,200 may disappear from the species." 408 00:17:41,200 --> 00:17:45,190 So a population of animals can adapt by expressing variety 409 00:17:45,190 --> 00:17:46,070 over time. 410 00:17:46,070 --> 00:17:48,610 But there are limits to how much they can change. 411 00:17:48,610 --> 00:17:49,580 In what way? 412 00:17:49,580 --> 00:17:51,440 JOHN: Think about rolling dice. 413 00:17:51,440 --> 00:17:53,440 If you had two dice, you could roll 414 00:17:53,440 --> 00:17:54,800 anything between two and 12. 415 00:17:54,800 --> 00:17:57,080 The variety is programmed into the dice, 416 00:17:57,080 --> 00:18:01,090 but you can't roll anything higher or lower. 417 00:18:01,090 --> 00:18:02,520 I get what you're saying. 418 00:18:02,520 --> 00:18:05,760 Likewise, animals can express a lot of variety, 419 00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:08,750 but there's a limit because the finite genetic information 420 00:18:08,750 --> 00:18:09,550 they have. 421 00:18:09,550 --> 00:18:10,317 Exactly. 422 00:18:10,317 --> 00:18:12,400 And while we've seen some pretty amazing varieties 423 00:18:12,400 --> 00:18:15,280 within the kinds God created, like in dogs, 424 00:18:15,280 --> 00:18:19,662 one basic kind of animal can never change into another. 425 00:18:19,662 --> 00:18:21,370 JANE: And that fits with all the examples 426 00:18:21,370 --> 00:18:22,876 we see in these textbooks. 427 00:18:22,876 --> 00:18:25,250 Although they like to point out the differences in finch 428 00:18:25,250 --> 00:18:26,572 beaks and tortoises. 429 00:18:26,572 --> 00:18:31,300 It's just adaptation within the genetic limits of that kind. 430 00:18:31,300 --> 00:18:31,810 Right. 431 00:18:31,810 --> 00:18:34,280 But then they pass it off as evolution. 432 00:18:34,280 --> 00:18:36,900 And you know, I used to think that all these arguments really 433 00:18:36,900 --> 00:18:38,070 showed evolution. 434 00:18:38,070 --> 00:18:40,000 But then I got to thinking, studying 435 00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:43,240 changes in a beak shape, like Darwin's finches, 436 00:18:43,240 --> 00:18:45,350 won't show you where that beak came from. 437 00:18:45,350 --> 00:18:51,880 And despite the minor changes, a finch is still just a finch. 438 00:18:51,880 --> 00:18:55,160 But the truth is what we read in Genesis 1:25. 439 00:18:55,160 --> 00:18:56,720 "And God made the beast of the earth 440 00:18:56,720 --> 00:18:59,740 according to its kind, cattle according to its kind, 441 00:18:59,740 --> 00:19:01,490 and everything that creeps on the earth 442 00:19:01,490 --> 00:19:02,970 according to its kind. 443 00:19:02,970 --> 00:19:05,880 And God saw that it was good." 444 00:19:05,880 --> 00:19:09,640 So adaptations are kind of like the apps on your phone. 445 00:19:09,640 --> 00:19:12,230 Yeah, I can't change a person into a puppy. 446 00:19:12,230 --> 00:19:17,490 But I can run the programming that's already on my phone. 447 00:19:17,490 --> 00:19:19,930 Oy. 448 00:19:19,930 --> 00:19:21,785 Kind of makes you think, doesn't it. 449 00:19:27,670 --> 00:19:30,450 Is it just me, or is natural selection kind 450 00:19:30,450 --> 00:19:32,485 of blind when it comes to evolution? 451 00:19:45,670 --> 00:19:48,600 John? 452 00:19:48,600 --> 00:19:51,016 Where is he? 453 00:19:51,016 --> 00:19:51,516 Huh. 454 00:19:54,440 --> 00:19:55,380 Let's see here. 455 00:20:00,220 --> 00:20:03,540 Ooh, messing with my privacy. 456 00:20:09,420 --> 00:20:11,880 Heh? 457 00:20:11,880 --> 00:20:12,680 JOHN: Ow. 458 00:20:12,680 --> 00:20:14,450 John, are you OK? 459 00:20:14,450 --> 00:20:17,480 JOHN: Yeah, no, I'm, I'm fine. 460 00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:19,330 Are you sure you're OK? 461 00:20:19,330 --> 00:20:22,250 Yeah, no, I, I just got back from the eye doctor's. 462 00:20:22,250 --> 00:20:23,960 They dilated my pupils. 463 00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:25,960 Getting here was a little dicey but I'm starting 464 00:20:25,960 --> 00:20:27,372 to see a lot better now. 465 00:20:27,372 --> 00:20:29,827 Uh, then why are you talking to a coat rack? 466 00:20:29,827 --> 00:20:31,660 I thought you were looking a little taller. 467 00:20:31,660 --> 00:20:33,780 I was going to get your help deciding 468 00:20:33,780 --> 00:20:38,040 on what swatches to pick out, but I think 469 00:20:38,040 --> 00:20:40,080 this is a really bad time. 470 00:20:40,080 --> 00:20:41,990 No, no, no, I can do it. 471 00:20:41,990 --> 00:20:42,910 Give me a try. 472 00:20:42,910 --> 00:20:46,190 OK, well, I started out by liking this one. 473 00:20:46,190 --> 00:20:47,784 Yeah, this one. 474 00:20:47,784 --> 00:20:52,140 But then I figured I'd tune it back a bit. 475 00:20:52,140 --> 00:20:54,052 Yeah, what do you think? 476 00:20:54,052 --> 00:20:57,580 I like this one. 477 00:20:57,580 --> 00:20:58,240 Yeah. 478 00:20:58,240 --> 00:21:02,220 Hm, no, I think we're going to work on this a little later. 479 00:21:02,220 --> 00:21:03,160 Whatever. 480 00:21:03,160 --> 00:21:04,450 We better get to studying. 481 00:21:04,450 --> 00:21:06,040 What are we studying today? 482 00:21:06,040 --> 00:21:08,330 Natural selection, I've already started reading it. 483 00:21:08,330 --> 00:21:10,490 There's a great definition in our biology textbook. 484 00:21:13,700 --> 00:21:16,140 So "natural selection is the process 485 00:21:16,140 --> 00:21:19,010 by which organisms with variation most suited 486 00:21:19,010 --> 00:21:21,060 to their local environment survive and leave 487 00:21:21,060 --> 00:21:22,920 more offspring." 488 00:21:22,920 --> 00:21:26,220 So evolutionary theory holds that natural selection 489 00:21:26,220 --> 00:21:28,440 is one of the forces that drives evolution? 490 00:21:28,440 --> 00:21:29,580 JANE: How does that work? 491 00:21:29,580 --> 00:21:31,580 JOHN: Well, evolutionists say mutation happens 492 00:21:31,580 --> 00:21:33,670 in the sex cells of a creature, and its offspring 493 00:21:33,670 --> 00:21:36,470 exhibits the resulting trait difference, like a new feather 494 00:21:36,470 --> 00:21:37,660 color or something. 495 00:21:37,660 --> 00:21:40,720 The trait can give it an advantage or a disadvantage. 496 00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:42,332 A beneficial mutation would cause 497 00:21:42,332 --> 00:21:44,040 it to become a little better at surviving 498 00:21:44,040 --> 00:21:46,390 in an environment than the non-mutants. 499 00:21:46,390 --> 00:21:49,040 So its descendants, and thus the trait, 500 00:21:49,040 --> 00:21:50,700 eventually outnumber the others. 501 00:21:50,700 --> 00:21:53,070 Then the scenario repeats with another variation, 502 00:21:53,070 --> 00:21:55,050 supposedly driving evolution forward. 503 00:21:55,050 --> 00:21:57,890 But rather than this process producing just the varieties 504 00:21:57,890 --> 00:22:00,300 we see among animal kinds, they believe 505 00:22:00,300 --> 00:22:03,270 this process built those animals from completely different ones 506 00:22:03,270 --> 00:22:05,380 and can eventually lead to one kind of animal 507 00:22:05,380 --> 00:22:06,580 turning into another. 508 00:22:06,580 --> 00:22:08,610 But this has never been observed. 509 00:22:08,610 --> 00:22:12,520 Fish are still fish, and finches are still finches. 510 00:22:12,520 --> 00:22:14,234 And here in the biology textbook, 511 00:22:14,234 --> 00:22:15,650 they point out that the polar bear 512 00:22:15,650 --> 00:22:18,570 had the advantage as a predator in the snow because 513 00:22:18,570 --> 00:22:20,160 of its white coat. 514 00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:21,770 And it also shows that if you start 515 00:22:21,770 --> 00:22:23,860 with yellow and green grasshoppers, two 516 00:22:23,860 --> 00:22:26,310 different traits inherited from the parents, 517 00:22:26,310 --> 00:22:29,640 the green may outnumber the yellow in a green environment 518 00:22:29,640 --> 00:22:32,760 because they're harder for birds to see and catch. 519 00:22:32,760 --> 00:22:35,420 So did the grasshoppers think through how 520 00:22:35,420 --> 00:22:38,460 other animals would avoid it if it looked more camouflage? 521 00:22:38,460 --> 00:22:40,090 Did it know how to genetically engineer 522 00:22:40,090 --> 00:22:41,890 itself to express those colors? 523 00:22:41,890 --> 00:22:44,820 Did a polar bear engineer its own white coat? 524 00:22:44,820 --> 00:22:47,510 No, but that's not evolutionists believe. 525 00:22:47,510 --> 00:22:50,900 They think that these changes happened randomly in the DNA, 526 00:22:50,900 --> 00:22:53,800 influencing an individual's survivability. 527 00:22:53,800 --> 00:22:56,500 Evolution is a blind process, no offense. 528 00:22:56,500 --> 00:22:59,900 Intelligent choices supposedly have nothing to do with it. 529 00:22:59,900 --> 00:23:02,890 Evolutionists believe natural selection figured out 530 00:23:02,890 --> 00:23:05,574 how to design an eye, but how. 531 00:23:05,574 --> 00:23:07,240 It would have to build and preserve over 532 00:23:07,240 --> 00:23:10,480 who knows how many generations hundreds of complicated 533 00:23:10,480 --> 00:23:13,680 interacting eye parts, including proteins that were all 534 00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:17,130 useless until the whole package was eventually assembled. 535 00:23:17,130 --> 00:23:18,590 How did it know to engineer animals 536 00:23:18,590 --> 00:23:20,710 for flight or a navigation system 537 00:23:20,710 --> 00:23:24,390 so tiny it can fit in the head of a monarch butterfly, which 538 00:23:24,390 --> 00:23:26,080 is smaller than a pin? 539 00:23:26,080 --> 00:23:28,010 How did it wire a human brain that's 540 00:23:28,010 --> 00:23:30,570 far more complicated than our best computers 541 00:23:30,570 --> 00:23:34,150 if it is a totally blind process with no goal 542 00:23:34,150 --> 00:23:35,260 or purpose in view? 543 00:23:35,260 --> 00:23:36,370 You're right. 544 00:23:36,370 --> 00:23:38,510 Natural selection is just a process. 545 00:23:38,510 --> 00:23:39,710 It doesn't have a brain. 546 00:23:39,710 --> 00:23:41,730 It can't think or design. 547 00:23:41,730 --> 00:23:44,590 It had no foreknowledge of what it was trying to accomplish. 548 00:23:44,590 --> 00:23:46,360 And yet, coupled with mutations, 549 00:23:46,360 --> 00:23:48,330 it's been assigned godlike powers 550 00:23:48,330 --> 00:23:50,520 to create things way beyond man's understanding. 551 00:23:50,520 --> 00:23:51,140 Yes. 552 00:23:51,140 --> 00:23:54,530 It's like they've replaced God's power with random mutations 553 00:23:54,530 --> 00:23:55,820 and natural selection. 554 00:23:55,820 --> 00:23:58,530 As the textbook points out, it favors a creature's 555 00:23:58,530 --> 00:23:59,850 overall ability to survive. 556 00:23:59,850 --> 00:24:02,870 But the actual changes are happening deep down 557 00:24:02,870 --> 00:24:06,420 in the creature on a microscopic level inside the genes. 558 00:24:06,420 --> 00:24:08,180 Wh-- wh-- wh-- wait. 559 00:24:08,180 --> 00:24:11,050 So you're saying that when certain individuals die, 560 00:24:11,050 --> 00:24:14,500 all their genes just go away, meaning 561 00:24:14,500 --> 00:24:17,500 that natural selection has no power in selecting 562 00:24:17,500 --> 00:24:19,100 individual genes? 563 00:24:19,100 --> 00:24:22,064 JOHN: Well, it can't see genes, just whole organisms, 564 00:24:22,064 --> 00:24:24,230 kind of like me trying to help you pick out swatches 565 00:24:24,230 --> 00:24:26,340 that I can't even see. 566 00:24:26,340 --> 00:24:28,160 But it looks like you're doing better now. 567 00:24:28,160 --> 00:24:28,930 I am. 568 00:24:28,930 --> 00:24:31,890 So how about this one? 569 00:24:31,890 --> 00:24:34,820 Or maybe not. 570 00:24:34,820 --> 00:24:36,680 Also natural selection is supposed 571 00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:39,640 to mean "survival of the fittest." 572 00:24:39,640 --> 00:24:44,720 But what if someone, nobody in particular, 573 00:24:44,720 --> 00:24:46,770 had their eyes dilated and was leaving 574 00:24:46,770 --> 00:24:50,310 when they knocked over the fish tank in the waiting room? 575 00:24:50,310 --> 00:24:51,230 You didn't. 576 00:24:51,230 --> 00:24:54,680 Anyway if exactly half of them died because I didn't-- they 577 00:24:54,680 --> 00:24:58,050 didn't get them in the water, was it survival of the fittest? 578 00:24:58,050 --> 00:25:00,110 No, it was survival of the luckiest. 579 00:25:00,110 --> 00:25:03,240 Yeah, well, here's a picture of two mutant flies 580 00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:04,950 and a normal one. 581 00:25:04,950 --> 00:25:07,380 Which one do you think is the most likely to survive 582 00:25:07,380 --> 00:25:08,990 in a particular environment? 583 00:25:08,990 --> 00:25:11,862 None of them when I hit them with my fly swatter. 584 00:25:11,862 --> 00:25:13,820 All right, all right, all right, the normal one 585 00:25:13,820 --> 00:25:15,960 would probably survive best. 586 00:25:15,960 --> 00:25:18,940 But it depends on the environment, right. 587 00:25:18,940 --> 00:25:22,250 Yeah, so evolution that turns a simpler organism into a fruit 588 00:25:22,250 --> 00:25:24,350 fly relies on mutants becoming better 589 00:25:24,350 --> 00:25:26,810 able to survive as new genetic information is added 590 00:25:26,810 --> 00:25:29,760 and then surviving to pass their genes onward. 591 00:25:29,760 --> 00:25:32,350 Mutants are usually worse off since most mutations 592 00:25:32,350 --> 00:25:33,320 are harmful. 593 00:25:33,320 --> 00:25:36,560 And natural selection actually cleanses the population 594 00:25:36,560 --> 00:25:38,730 by killing the less fit mutants. 595 00:25:38,730 --> 00:25:41,620 This might help keep the most effective traits 596 00:25:41,620 --> 00:25:42,940 within a population. 597 00:25:42,940 --> 00:25:45,890 So the real world works exactly opposite 598 00:25:45,890 --> 00:25:47,540 of what evolution requires. 599 00:25:47,540 --> 00:25:48,420 Bingo. 600 00:25:48,420 --> 00:25:50,390 And while lots of small mutations 601 00:25:50,390 --> 00:25:53,750 can give a survival advantage in specific environments, 602 00:25:53,750 --> 00:25:55,970 virtually all the real-life examples 603 00:25:55,970 --> 00:25:59,300 show a loss of genetic information, not a gain. 604 00:25:59,300 --> 00:26:01,120 Evolutionists have tried to propose 605 00:26:01,120 --> 00:26:04,820 various genetic explanations, like gene duplication, 606 00:26:04,820 --> 00:26:07,710 but they're putting their faith in a process that has never 607 00:26:07,710 --> 00:26:10,000 actually been observed. 608 00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:12,020 What's gene duplication? 609 00:26:12,020 --> 00:26:14,470 It's when a whole gene accidentally gets copied, 610 00:26:14,470 --> 00:26:18,440 and then it mutates to become another new gene. 611 00:26:18,440 --> 00:26:19,810 Nice story. 612 00:26:19,810 --> 00:26:21,793 Have scientists ever seen that happen? 613 00:26:21,793 --> 00:26:23,420 Nope, never. 614 00:26:23,420 --> 00:26:26,370 And most examples of supposed evolution in action 615 00:26:26,370 --> 00:26:29,000 involve things like chemical pathways 616 00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:30,530 and small changes in proteins. 617 00:26:30,530 --> 00:26:35,180 But how do you get a fin to turn into a limb and then 618 00:26:35,180 --> 00:26:36,910 a human hand? 619 00:26:36,910 --> 00:26:38,930 They tell interesting stories about how 620 00:26:38,930 --> 00:26:41,690 it must have just happened. 621 00:26:41,690 --> 00:26:44,520 But I can't find any evidence it actually happened. 622 00:26:44,520 --> 00:26:49,090 So a typical mutation removes information, but only 623 00:26:49,090 --> 00:26:52,750 a mutation that can add information really explain how 624 00:26:52,750 --> 00:26:55,280 philosophers came from fish. 625 00:26:55,280 --> 00:26:57,270 And if you think about it, natural selection 626 00:26:57,270 --> 00:26:58,620 can't create anything. 627 00:26:58,620 --> 00:27:01,710 It can only deselect by killing all individuals 628 00:27:01,710 --> 00:27:04,800 with traits that are already present in the population. 629 00:27:04,800 --> 00:27:05,980 Wow, you're right. 630 00:27:05,980 --> 00:27:09,240 You can only select something that is already present. 631 00:27:09,240 --> 00:27:13,160 How could nature ever add information to some DNA 632 00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:16,050 by subtracting some of what is already there? 633 00:27:16,050 --> 00:27:16,880 Great question. 634 00:27:16,880 --> 00:27:18,777 And speaking of information, here's 635 00:27:18,777 --> 00:27:20,610 another question evolutionists have not even 636 00:27:20,610 --> 00:27:22,610 come close to answering. 637 00:27:22,610 --> 00:27:25,140 How could chemicals from early Earth 638 00:27:25,140 --> 00:27:29,550 spontaneously form molecules with information? 639 00:27:29,550 --> 00:27:30,740 That's a stretch. 640 00:27:30,740 --> 00:27:34,230 So natural selection can't do anything without mutations, 641 00:27:34,230 --> 00:27:37,120 and mutations can't even happen unless DNA 642 00:27:37,120 --> 00:27:40,220 forms from some muddy puddle billions of years ago. 643 00:27:40,220 --> 00:27:41,140 You got it. 644 00:27:41,140 --> 00:27:44,660 There's no known mechanism for creating information like we 645 00:27:44,660 --> 00:27:47,400 find in DNA from simple matter. 646 00:27:47,400 --> 00:27:49,860 Information always comes from a mind. 647 00:27:49,860 --> 00:27:51,740 JANE: And God is the mind behind creating 648 00:27:51,740 --> 00:27:53,850 the DNA in the first place. 649 00:27:53,850 --> 00:27:54,580 Yeah. 650 00:27:54,580 --> 00:27:57,110 But the biggest problem I have with natural selection 651 00:27:57,110 --> 00:27:59,290 being able to create new kinds of animals 652 00:27:59,290 --> 00:28:01,500 is found right here in our biology textbook. 653 00:28:01,500 --> 00:28:02,980 Let me see if I can find it then. 654 00:28:02,980 --> 00:28:04,570 You're starting to see really well. 655 00:28:04,570 --> 00:28:05,470 I am. 656 00:28:05,470 --> 00:28:07,910 Now Charles Darwin is credited for discovering 657 00:28:07,910 --> 00:28:09,900 natural selection and describing how 658 00:28:09,900 --> 00:28:12,710 it led to the evolution of different animals and plants. 659 00:28:12,710 --> 00:28:14,480 Right here it tells the story. 660 00:28:14,480 --> 00:28:17,170 "After reading Malthus, Darwin realized 661 00:28:17,170 --> 00:28:24,350 that if more individuals are produced than can survive, 662 00:28:24,350 --> 00:28:26,980 members of a population must compete 663 00:28:26,980 --> 00:28:30,420 to obtain food, living space, and other limited 664 00:28:30,420 --> 00:28:32,210 necessities of life. 665 00:28:32,210 --> 00:28:36,010 Darwin described this as the struggle for existence." 666 00:28:36,010 --> 00:28:36,980 Malthus? 667 00:28:36,980 --> 00:28:39,354 Oh, I remember him from history. 668 00:28:39,354 --> 00:28:41,020 He believed much of the world's problems 669 00:28:41,020 --> 00:28:44,520 were due to people reproducing faster than our food supply. 670 00:28:44,520 --> 00:28:45,320 Right. 671 00:28:45,320 --> 00:28:48,180 Evolution claims that a never-ending chain of struggle 672 00:28:48,180 --> 00:28:50,330 and death is what created life. 673 00:28:50,330 --> 00:28:52,320 But the Bible paints a different picture. 674 00:28:52,320 --> 00:28:55,080 Genesis 3 says that death, pain, and suffering 675 00:28:55,080 --> 00:28:57,400 came from man's rebellion against God. 676 00:28:57,400 --> 00:29:00,400 And Romans 8 is clear that Earth is under a curse because 677 00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:01,310 of our sin. 678 00:29:01,310 --> 00:29:03,200 But God didn't leave it there. 679 00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:06,910 I Corinthians 15 says that one day, death will be conquered. 680 00:29:06,910 --> 00:29:08,510 "O Death, where is thy sting? 681 00:29:08,510 --> 00:29:10,790 O Grave, where is thy victory? 682 00:29:10,790 --> 00:29:13,620 The sting of death of sin, and the strength of sin is the law. 683 00:29:13,620 --> 00:29:16,460 But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord 684 00:29:16,460 --> 00:29:17,640 Jesus Christ." 685 00:29:17,640 --> 00:29:19,750 So death is a horrible thing. 686 00:29:19,750 --> 00:29:22,670 The Bible calls death punishment for our sins 687 00:29:22,670 --> 00:29:24,400 and the last enemy. 688 00:29:24,400 --> 00:29:26,940 Because Jesus Christ took that penalty in our place, 689 00:29:26,940 --> 00:29:30,210 we beat death by getting to spend an eternity with God. 690 00:29:30,210 --> 00:29:32,670 Evolutionary history says the death 691 00:29:32,670 --> 00:29:36,910 of the unfit over eons changed fish into humans. 692 00:29:36,910 --> 00:29:39,260 But Biblical history says that death 693 00:29:39,260 --> 00:29:43,300 changed already-created humans and fish and the whole universe 694 00:29:43,300 --> 00:29:46,440 into a place with problems that Jesus will one day solve. 695 00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:50,910 Wow, it seems so strange that the things our textbook says 696 00:29:50,910 --> 00:29:52,520 could have so much to do with what 697 00:29:52,520 --> 00:29:55,730 we believe about the past and about reality. 698 00:29:55,730 --> 00:29:59,590 OK, speaking of beliefs, how would you define religion? 699 00:29:59,590 --> 00:30:01,320 I know this from class. 700 00:30:01,320 --> 00:30:04,760 It's basically defined as a system of beliefs. 701 00:30:04,760 --> 00:30:08,400 Right, so would evolution qualify as a religion? 702 00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:10,650 Well, OK, the struggle for survival 703 00:30:10,650 --> 00:30:12,300 over millions of years of death is 704 00:30:12,300 --> 00:30:14,430 what supposedly created the different kinds of life 705 00:30:14,430 --> 00:30:16,630 on Earth, including humans. 706 00:30:16,630 --> 00:30:20,510 The Bible tells us death is an enemy, not the hero. 707 00:30:20,510 --> 00:30:22,690 But Jesus, the creator, promises us life 708 00:30:22,690 --> 00:30:24,590 if we choose to follow Him. 709 00:30:24,590 --> 00:30:28,620 He has overcome death by rising from the grave. 710 00:30:28,620 --> 00:30:31,240 So natural selection has no intelligence 711 00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:34,150 and can't even select what's happening on the genetic level. 712 00:30:34,150 --> 00:30:37,470 It can only subtract from what is already present in DNA. 713 00:30:37,470 --> 00:30:40,610 And it relies on death to create new kinds of life. 714 00:30:40,610 --> 00:30:41,810 Wow. 715 00:30:41,810 --> 00:30:43,310 You know, I'm really starting to see 716 00:30:43,310 --> 00:30:45,190 that natural selection really doesn't 717 00:30:45,190 --> 00:30:47,830 have the power that evolution needs, you know, 718 00:30:47,830 --> 00:30:51,624 to turn fish into apes and then people. 719 00:30:51,624 --> 00:30:52,568 [CLICK] 720 00:30:54,460 --> 00:30:56,440 Kind of makes you think, doesn't it. 721 00:31:02,790 --> 00:31:06,320 Is it just me, or does the evolutionary tree 722 00:31:06,320 --> 00:31:08,690 seem more like an orchard? 723 00:31:21,740 --> 00:31:25,580 All right, let's see if we can do this. 724 00:31:25,580 --> 00:31:26,910 Nope, that doesn't stay up. 725 00:31:26,910 --> 00:31:29,630 No, you've got to stay, stay. 726 00:31:29,630 --> 00:31:32,510 JOHN: Hey, Jane, so I've got to be honest. 727 00:31:32,510 --> 00:31:34,853 I haven't really had a chance to study too much. 728 00:31:34,853 --> 00:31:35,511 Uh huh. 729 00:31:35,511 --> 00:31:36,010 But-- 730 00:31:36,010 --> 00:31:37,450 [SNAPS] 731 00:31:37,450 --> 00:31:38,950 Jane. 732 00:31:38,950 --> 00:31:40,370 Sorry. 733 00:31:40,370 --> 00:31:42,032 I was just taking a break. 734 00:31:42,032 --> 00:31:43,490 I got this new makeup case, and I'm 735 00:31:43,490 --> 00:31:46,760 having a hard time figuring out where to put everything. 736 00:31:46,760 --> 00:31:53,010 Now I could put this lipstick here, or no, no, no, no, no. 737 00:31:53,010 --> 00:31:54,440 I'll handle this. 738 00:31:54,440 --> 00:31:58,170 So we could organize it as simplest to most complex. 739 00:31:58,170 --> 00:32:01,060 Or by color. 740 00:32:01,060 --> 00:32:04,460 Uh, see organization just is not my thing. 741 00:32:04,460 --> 00:32:06,390 Once my little sister asked me to organize 742 00:32:06,390 --> 00:32:10,240 all her little tiny plastic animals, it took me two days. 743 00:32:10,240 --> 00:32:13,270 Organizing animals, that's like Carl Linnaeus. 744 00:32:13,270 --> 00:32:14,160 Who's that? 745 00:32:14,160 --> 00:32:16,946 Yeah, he was the first guy to classify animals. 746 00:32:16,946 --> 00:32:19,910 Oh, oh, oh, yeah, I remember him now. 747 00:32:19,910 --> 00:32:23,250 His motto was God created, Linnaeus ordered. 748 00:32:23,250 --> 00:32:26,380 Yeah, his work is the basis for the classification system 749 00:32:26,380 --> 00:32:27,940 we still use today. 750 00:32:27,940 --> 00:32:30,370 Yeah, later, Charles Darwin sketched a diagram 751 00:32:30,370 --> 00:32:33,040 to show how life started simple and then branched out 752 00:32:33,040 --> 00:32:34,980 to every creature on Earth. 753 00:32:34,980 --> 00:32:36,790 He said the different branches represent 754 00:32:36,790 --> 00:32:40,120 the different levels of classification, a tree of life, 755 00:32:40,120 --> 00:32:41,200 if you will. 756 00:32:41,200 --> 00:32:42,015 Oh yeah. 757 00:32:42,015 --> 00:32:45,920 I keep seeing this over and over again in our textbooks. 758 00:32:45,920 --> 00:32:46,740 Really? 759 00:32:46,740 --> 00:32:50,660 Yeah, uh, ah, here we go. 760 00:32:50,660 --> 00:32:52,244 Check out this one. 761 00:32:52,244 --> 00:32:53,660 JOHN: Are researchers still trying 762 00:32:53,660 --> 00:32:55,690 to figure out how it happened? 763 00:32:55,690 --> 00:32:58,090 There are a lot more of these diagrams. 764 00:32:58,090 --> 00:33:01,270 I think they change as different researchers 765 00:33:01,270 --> 00:33:03,860 group them based on different features. 766 00:33:03,860 --> 00:33:06,880 JOHN: These charts show groups of organisms they believe 767 00:33:06,880 --> 00:33:08,760 share a common ancestor. 768 00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:10,980 Yeah, a group like that is called a clade, 769 00:33:10,980 --> 00:33:13,170 and these diagrams are called cladograms. 770 00:33:13,170 --> 00:33:15,910 Hm. 771 00:33:15,910 --> 00:33:20,060 Man, and I thought organizing my makeup was hard. 772 00:33:20,060 --> 00:33:20,910 JOHN: So do they. 773 00:33:20,910 --> 00:33:21,410 Huh. 774 00:33:21,410 --> 00:33:25,220 Well, not your makeup, classifying animals. 775 00:33:25,220 --> 00:33:29,510 OK, so "remember that modern evolutionary classification 776 00:33:29,510 --> 00:33:32,910 is a rapidly changing science with a difficult goal, 777 00:33:32,910 --> 00:33:36,310 to present all life on a single evolutionary tree. 778 00:33:36,310 --> 00:33:39,700 As evolutionary biologists study relationships among taxa, 779 00:33:39,700 --> 00:33:43,910 they regularly change not only the way organisms are grouped, 780 00:33:43,910 --> 00:33:47,410 but also sometimes the names of groups. 781 00:33:47,410 --> 00:33:49,860 Remember that cladograms are visual presentations 782 00:33:49,860 --> 00:33:52,930 of hypotheses about relationships, and not 783 00:33:52,930 --> 00:33:54,435 hard and fast facts." 784 00:33:54,435 --> 00:33:56,830 JOHN: Whoa, whoa, whoa, you're saying 785 00:33:56,830 --> 00:34:00,120 our textbooks say that cladograms are based off 786 00:34:00,120 --> 00:34:03,230 hypotheses not facts. 787 00:34:03,230 --> 00:34:04,460 Yeah, I'll show you why. 788 00:34:04,460 --> 00:34:07,010 Flip forward a page. 789 00:34:07,010 --> 00:34:09,739 That's because they only have living animals or fossils 790 00:34:09,739 --> 00:34:12,270 for certain places on the branches. 791 00:34:12,270 --> 00:34:14,300 These are real animals or fossils 792 00:34:14,300 --> 00:34:16,210 we've actually discovered. 793 00:34:16,210 --> 00:34:18,280 But these branching points are just 794 00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:21,030 imaginary lines that represent the hypotheses 795 00:34:21,030 --> 00:34:25,090 about which animals evolved from a common ancestor. 796 00:34:25,090 --> 00:34:28,100 No facts support them that can't also support 797 00:34:28,100 --> 00:34:30,340 different links or no links. 798 00:34:30,340 --> 00:34:32,270 The transitional fossils they represent 799 00:34:32,270 --> 00:34:34,110 have never been found. 800 00:34:34,110 --> 00:34:38,290 If they were, well, we'd see their pictures here, right. 801 00:34:38,290 --> 00:34:41,130 Though evolutionists point to a few examples, 802 00:34:41,130 --> 00:34:43,600 there should be thousands. 803 00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:47,540 JOHN: Genesis 1:21 says, "So God created great sea creatures 804 00:34:47,540 --> 00:34:49,230 and every living thing that moves, 805 00:34:49,230 --> 00:34:52,199 with which the waters abounded, according to their kind, 806 00:34:52,199 --> 00:34:54,580 and every winged bird according to its kind. 807 00:34:54,580 --> 00:34:58,090 And God saw that it was good." 808 00:34:58,090 --> 00:34:59,660 JANE: From the beginning, God created 809 00:34:59,660 --> 00:35:01,680 fully-formed kinds of animals. 810 00:35:01,680 --> 00:35:04,820 So it isn't a tree like Darwin thought. 811 00:35:04,820 --> 00:35:07,250 Instead it's an orchard. 812 00:35:07,250 --> 00:35:09,920 God created the different kinds of animals. 813 00:35:09,920 --> 00:35:13,100 And then they expressed all types of amazing variety 814 00:35:13,100 --> 00:35:15,290 as they bred within their kind. 815 00:35:15,290 --> 00:35:17,930 JOHN: And recombining genetic possibilities 816 00:35:17,930 --> 00:35:20,020 that God packed into the original kinds produced 817 00:35:20,020 --> 00:35:21,380 that variety? 818 00:35:21,380 --> 00:35:22,410 Exactly. 819 00:35:22,410 --> 00:35:25,110 We see variation happening all the time. 820 00:35:25,110 --> 00:35:28,160 But we've never seen the evolutionary process 821 00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:31,870 of mutations and selection creating new kinds. 822 00:35:31,870 --> 00:35:35,440 JOHN: So dogs, apes, and people can show variety 823 00:35:35,440 --> 00:35:38,130 but can never morph into a new kind. 824 00:35:38,130 --> 00:35:40,730 Yep, just like the orchard. 825 00:35:40,730 --> 00:35:44,160 One basic tree kind can never become another. 826 00:35:44,160 --> 00:35:47,640 Scientists seem to name something a new species even 827 00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:49,200 if there's only a minor change. 828 00:35:49,200 --> 00:35:51,730 And in the fossils, the smallest variation 829 00:35:51,730 --> 00:35:54,060 is classified as a different species, 830 00:35:54,060 --> 00:35:57,040 even though we see lots of variety with some species 831 00:35:57,040 --> 00:35:57,700 today. 832 00:35:57,700 --> 00:35:58,720 Like what? 833 00:35:58,720 --> 00:36:01,520 Like in dogs, just think about all the variety 834 00:36:01,520 --> 00:36:05,210 in the breeds of dog kinds, canis familiaris, 835 00:36:05,210 --> 00:36:07,740 in the last 200 years. 836 00:36:07,740 --> 00:36:10,780 If future paleontologists dug up the bones 837 00:36:10,780 --> 00:36:13,860 of a bulldog, a chihuahua, and a Great Dane, 838 00:36:13,860 --> 00:36:17,540 they would surely classify them as three different species. 839 00:36:17,540 --> 00:36:19,880 But they are all the same kind. 840 00:36:19,880 --> 00:36:23,500 Whether beaks of a finch change shape or color of a moth, 841 00:36:23,500 --> 00:36:25,380 the changes are limited. 842 00:36:25,380 --> 00:36:27,270 When it's just expressing variety 843 00:36:27,270 --> 00:36:29,090 within the created kind. 844 00:36:29,090 --> 00:36:29,710 Yep. 845 00:36:29,710 --> 00:36:33,730 So evolutionists consider adjustments to existing traits 846 00:36:33,730 --> 00:36:36,560 evidence that evolution made those traits 847 00:36:36,560 --> 00:36:38,010 in the first place. 848 00:36:38,010 --> 00:36:41,990 So what if God made each basic kind with potential 849 00:36:41,990 --> 00:36:45,060 to change some of its traits but no potential 850 00:36:45,060 --> 00:36:46,860 to morph into a different kind? 851 00:36:46,860 --> 00:36:50,220 Dogs can breed with coyotes, and coyotes can breed with wolves. 852 00:36:50,220 --> 00:36:51,730 They're called a coywolf. 853 00:36:51,730 --> 00:36:54,970 So they must all be part of the same created kind. 854 00:36:54,970 --> 00:36:56,980 So they have a common ancestor. 855 00:36:56,980 --> 00:37:00,870 But it was the original dog kind that God created, 856 00:37:00,870 --> 00:37:03,650 not the transition between a reptile and a mammal 857 00:37:03,650 --> 00:37:05,700 like they show in these textbooks. 858 00:37:05,700 --> 00:37:09,210 So fossils, the classification of animals, and the Bible 859 00:37:09,210 --> 00:37:10,360 are all in harmony. 860 00:37:10,360 --> 00:37:12,070 JANE: That's what it looks like. 861 00:37:12,070 --> 00:37:14,600 Well, all of that gives me an idea. 862 00:37:14,600 --> 00:37:17,790 What if we organize your makeup by kind? 863 00:37:17,790 --> 00:37:21,730 All the nail polish in one spot, all the eye stuff in another, 864 00:37:21,730 --> 00:37:24,012 and all the lip things elsewhere. 865 00:37:24,012 --> 00:37:26,930 That's brilliant. 866 00:37:26,930 --> 00:37:29,630 We do an orchard not a tree. 867 00:37:29,630 --> 00:37:31,778 Kind of makes you think, doesn't it. 868 00:37:37,580 --> 00:37:40,670 Is it just me or is it kind of creepy 869 00:37:40,670 --> 00:37:43,465 that evolutionists say we're made up of spare parts? 870 00:37:55,054 --> 00:37:56,030 [LOUD ENGINE NOISE] 871 00:37:59,446 --> 00:38:02,410 Working on your car? 872 00:38:02,410 --> 00:38:04,452 I can't hear you. 873 00:38:04,452 --> 00:38:06,792 Can you shut it off? 874 00:38:06,792 --> 00:38:09,638 I can't hear you because the car's on. 875 00:38:09,638 --> 00:38:12,200 What's in the box? 876 00:38:12,200 --> 00:38:13,950 JOHN: Oh, you know, my car's left-over-- 877 00:38:13,950 --> 00:38:14,570 [ENGINE STOPS] 878 00:38:14,570 --> 00:38:16,121 Parts. 879 00:38:16,121 --> 00:38:17,870 I always have a few of them left over when 880 00:38:17,870 --> 00:38:18,960 I'm done working on it. 881 00:38:18,960 --> 00:38:20,720 JANE: Parts you don't need? 882 00:38:20,720 --> 00:38:21,300 Pretty sure. 883 00:38:21,300 --> 00:38:25,075 Are you-- are you sure you don't need these? 884 00:38:25,075 --> 00:38:26,740 Or you know this? 885 00:38:26,740 --> 00:38:28,810 Not really, but I started the engine 886 00:38:28,810 --> 00:38:30,320 and it runs without this junk. 887 00:38:30,320 --> 00:38:33,740 You know, all this reminds me about what our textbook says 888 00:38:33,740 --> 00:38:35,220 about vestigial structures. 889 00:38:35,220 --> 00:38:37,080 Can you help me grab it out of my backpack? 890 00:38:37,080 --> 00:38:38,294 Hm mm. 891 00:38:38,294 --> 00:38:39,960 How do you not know what's in your car? 892 00:38:43,443 --> 00:38:43,942 [LAUGHING] 893 00:38:43,942 --> 00:38:45,890 Uh, is something wrong? 894 00:38:45,890 --> 00:38:47,100 No, no, no, no, no. 895 00:38:47,100 --> 00:38:49,450 But why don't you look it up for us? 896 00:38:49,450 --> 00:38:53,905 Oh, yeah, right, OK. 897 00:38:53,905 --> 00:38:55,880 Oh, there it is right there. 898 00:38:55,880 --> 00:38:58,640 "Vestigial structures are inherited from ancestors 899 00:38:58,640 --> 00:39:01,980 but have lost much or all of their original function 900 00:39:01,980 --> 00:39:03,790 due to different selection pressures 901 00:39:03,790 --> 00:39:06,154 acting on the descendant." 902 00:39:06,154 --> 00:39:08,320 JOHN: So they're saying that animals and people have 903 00:39:08,320 --> 00:39:10,620 leftovers in their bodies that once served a function 904 00:39:10,620 --> 00:39:13,026 in our evolutionary ancestors? 905 00:39:13,026 --> 00:39:14,900 Hey, just like the parts for my car. 906 00:39:14,900 --> 00:39:15,470 Exactly. 907 00:39:15,470 --> 00:39:19,830 The example they give here is the dolphin's hip bones. 908 00:39:19,830 --> 00:39:22,710 They're saying its ancestor used to walk on land. 909 00:39:22,710 --> 00:39:24,920 But once the dolphin evolved to live in water, 910 00:39:24,920 --> 00:39:26,990 it has useless leftover hip bones. 911 00:39:26,990 --> 00:39:29,500 JANE: What's funny is scientists recently discovered 912 00:39:29,500 --> 00:39:32,480 that marine animals, like whales, need these bones 913 00:39:32,480 --> 00:39:34,230 during mating season. 914 00:39:34,230 --> 00:39:36,640 The study was published in a 2014 article 915 00:39:36,640 --> 00:39:39,840 in the science journal "Evolution." 916 00:39:39,840 --> 00:39:43,220 The name of the journal is "Evolution." 917 00:39:43,220 --> 00:39:44,375 Yep. 918 00:39:44,375 --> 00:39:45,750 JOHN: The one that claims they've 919 00:39:45,750 --> 00:39:47,750 discovered a purpose for these bones, which 920 00:39:47,750 --> 00:39:49,870 goes against the whole idea that these bones are 921 00:39:49,870 --> 00:39:51,830 mere evolutionary leftovers. 922 00:39:51,830 --> 00:39:54,370 That there is the definition of irony, isn't it. 923 00:39:54,370 --> 00:39:57,730 So in the textbook, they call them useless. 924 00:39:57,730 --> 00:39:59,780 But in reality, these bones help the dolphin 925 00:39:59,780 --> 00:40:00,980 reproduce and survive. 926 00:40:00,980 --> 00:40:01,960 Exactly. 927 00:40:01,960 --> 00:40:04,340 And they say the same thing about humans. 928 00:40:04,340 --> 00:40:06,870 That we have dolphin hips? 929 00:40:06,870 --> 00:40:08,610 Not exactly, but close. 930 00:40:08,610 --> 00:40:10,980 They point out that our coccyx, the tail bone, 931 00:40:10,980 --> 00:40:13,814 is left over from when we had tails. 932 00:40:13,814 --> 00:40:15,230 They think we used to have tails? 933 00:40:15,230 --> 00:40:17,340 Yeah, but it's just the end of our backbone. 934 00:40:17,340 --> 00:40:19,580 I mean, it has to end somewhere, right. 935 00:40:19,580 --> 00:40:20,650 JOHN: True. 936 00:40:20,650 --> 00:40:22,910 It's also the anchor for a bunch of muscles, right? 937 00:40:22,910 --> 00:40:25,970 JANE: Yes, tiny muscles, tendons, and ligaments 938 00:40:25,970 --> 00:40:27,040 connect to it. 939 00:40:27,040 --> 00:40:29,800 And it supports something called the pelvic diaphragm. 940 00:40:29,800 --> 00:40:33,740 This whole system holds a bunch of muscles and organs in place, 941 00:40:33,740 --> 00:40:34,760 like the bladder. 942 00:40:34,760 --> 00:40:37,670 So what other things do they say are leftovers? 943 00:40:37,670 --> 00:40:38,820 The tonsils. 944 00:40:38,820 --> 00:40:40,800 Of course, lots of people had their tonsils 945 00:40:40,800 --> 00:40:43,140 removed, a great way to get ice cream for dinner. 946 00:40:43,140 --> 00:40:44,690 You'd seriously let them cut out your tonsils 947 00:40:44,690 --> 00:40:46,050 just so you can have ice cream? 948 00:40:46,050 --> 00:40:47,120 Well, it depends on what kind of ice cream 949 00:40:47,120 --> 00:40:48,450 we're talking about here. 950 00:40:48,450 --> 00:40:51,020 OK, not really, but people survive just fine 951 00:40:51,020 --> 00:40:51,995 without tonsils, right? 952 00:40:51,995 --> 00:40:54,660 Uh, studies now show that, in some cases, 953 00:40:54,660 --> 00:40:56,920 removing your tonsils can be worse in the long run 954 00:40:56,920 --> 00:40:59,020 and especially for young children. 955 00:40:59,020 --> 00:41:00,830 So what's their purpose? 956 00:41:00,830 --> 00:41:03,040 JANE: Tonsils are placed at the back of the throat 957 00:41:03,040 --> 00:41:05,510 so they trap germs when we breathe. 958 00:41:05,510 --> 00:41:07,420 Proteins called antibodies, produced 959 00:41:07,420 --> 00:41:10,610 by immune cells in the tonsils, help kill germs and prevent 960 00:41:10,610 --> 00:41:12,220 throat and lung infections. 961 00:41:12,220 --> 00:41:15,220 They actually manufacture antibodies against disease. 962 00:41:15,220 --> 00:41:17,210 They're basically the first line of defense 963 00:41:17,210 --> 00:41:19,360 against inhaled or ingested viruses. 964 00:41:19,360 --> 00:41:21,080 So what about the appendix? 965 00:41:21,080 --> 00:41:23,500 It's thought to be vestigial, right. 966 00:41:23,500 --> 00:41:25,230 I'm not even sure I know what it is. 967 00:41:25,230 --> 00:41:27,800 JANE: It's a tube-shaped sack attached to the lower 968 00:41:27,800 --> 00:41:29,390 end of the large intestine. 969 00:41:29,390 --> 00:41:31,700 It's part of your digestive system, and-- 970 00:41:31,700 --> 00:41:32,930 OK, enough said. 971 00:41:32,930 --> 00:41:34,660 But they also have purpose? 972 00:41:34,660 --> 00:41:38,000 JANE: Yes, it's the storehouse for beneficial bacteria. 973 00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:40,270 When you fight an intestinal disease, 974 00:41:40,270 --> 00:41:43,720 your body gets rid of bacteria, both good and bad. 975 00:41:43,720 --> 00:41:46,810 But then the appendix can quickly resupply your system 976 00:41:46,810 --> 00:41:47,960 with good bacteria. 977 00:41:47,960 --> 00:41:49,332 Sounds pretty helpful. 978 00:41:49,332 --> 00:41:52,920 Yep, it also plays a role in our body's immune system, 979 00:41:52,920 --> 00:41:54,450 especially when we're younger. 980 00:41:54,450 --> 00:41:55,949 Sounds pretty important. 981 00:41:55,949 --> 00:41:57,990 JANE: Charles Darwin thought vestigial structures 982 00:41:57,990 --> 00:42:00,020 were a winning argument for evolution. 983 00:42:00,020 --> 00:42:02,550 And he believed there were lots of vestigial structures? 984 00:42:02,550 --> 00:42:04,710 Yeah, and a German anatomist by the name 985 00:42:04,710 --> 00:42:08,280 of Robert Wiedersheim made a list of 86 vestigial structures 986 00:42:08,280 --> 00:42:09,740 in the human body. 987 00:42:09,740 --> 00:42:14,540 And later, evolutionists expanded the list to about 180. 988 00:42:14,540 --> 00:42:17,850 But modern science has now shown that every one of them 989 00:42:17,850 --> 00:42:19,070 has a purpose. 990 00:42:19,070 --> 00:42:22,764 So they didn't know about these organs' functions in the body. 991 00:42:22,764 --> 00:42:24,430 JANE: No, they assumed that since people 992 00:42:24,430 --> 00:42:27,630 could survive without them that these were totally useless. 993 00:42:27,630 --> 00:42:30,010 Then they reasoned in a circle, arguing 994 00:42:30,010 --> 00:42:31,880 that since they were useless leftovers 995 00:42:31,880 --> 00:42:34,590 of an evolutionary past, they demonstrate 996 00:42:34,590 --> 00:42:36,560 our evolutionary past. 997 00:42:36,560 --> 00:42:39,062 So reasoning in a circle is bad. 998 00:42:39,062 --> 00:42:41,600 Uh, yeah. 999 00:42:41,600 --> 00:42:44,200 It's when we assume our conclusion then 1000 00:42:44,200 --> 00:42:46,350 use that assumption to prove our conclusion. 1001 00:42:46,350 --> 00:42:47,680 It's crazy. 1002 00:42:47,680 --> 00:42:50,381 So what do modern evolutionists say about these organs 1003 00:42:50,381 --> 00:42:52,630 now that science has discovered that every one of them 1004 00:42:52,630 --> 00:42:54,080 have functions after all? 1005 00:42:54,080 --> 00:42:56,050 JANE: They now claim that vestigial organs 1006 00:42:56,050 --> 00:42:58,350 can have functions after all. 1007 00:42:58,350 --> 00:43:01,250 And those functions may have evolved after the organ spent 1008 00:43:01,250 --> 00:43:02,680 time being useless. 1009 00:43:02,680 --> 00:43:05,240 JOHN: Wow, talk about imagination. 1010 00:43:05,240 --> 00:43:07,980 It's kind of sad that they think we're made up of useless parts, 1011 00:43:07,980 --> 00:43:11,580 instead of acknowledging the design by Jesus, the creator. 1012 00:43:11,580 --> 00:43:14,470 It kind of reminds me of Psalm 139:14. 1013 00:43:14,470 --> 00:43:17,140 JANE: Yeah, yeah, it says, "I will praise You, 1014 00:43:17,140 --> 00:43:19,360 for I am fearfully and wonderfully made; 1015 00:43:19,360 --> 00:43:23,780 marvelous are Your works, and that my soul knows very well." 1016 00:43:23,780 --> 00:43:25,660 God has a purpose for everything, 1017 00:43:25,660 --> 00:43:27,700 even if we are unsure of what it is. 1018 00:43:27,700 --> 00:43:31,070 I guess that could be true of my leftover box of parts, huh? 1019 00:43:31,070 --> 00:43:31,891 Uh, yeah. 1020 00:43:31,891 --> 00:43:33,890 By the way, this is the air cleaner that filters 1021 00:43:33,890 --> 00:43:34,960 air going to the engine. 1022 00:43:34,960 --> 00:43:37,960 The EGR valve regulates exhaust, and the EVAP canister 1023 00:43:37,960 --> 00:43:40,050 prevents gas from leaking into the atmosphere. 1024 00:43:40,050 --> 00:43:42,280 Whoa, you know about all this stuff? 1025 00:43:42,280 --> 00:43:43,780 My dad's a mechanic. 1026 00:43:43,780 --> 00:43:46,544 OK, well, um, can you show me where they go? 1027 00:43:46,544 --> 00:43:48,254 Uh, sure. 1028 00:43:48,254 --> 00:43:49,460 All right. 1029 00:43:49,460 --> 00:43:51,710 One last thought, the fact that evolutionists 1030 00:43:51,710 --> 00:43:54,800 can't find any useless organs really destroys the idea 1031 00:43:54,800 --> 00:43:56,610 that we're made up of spare parts. 1032 00:43:56,610 --> 00:43:58,650 Yeah. 1033 00:43:58,650 --> 00:44:01,032 Kind of makes you think, doesn't it. 1034 00:44:07,850 --> 00:44:11,409 Is it just me, or does it seem like the fossil record strikes 1035 00:44:11,409 --> 00:44:12,700 out when it comes to evolution? 1036 00:44:25,830 --> 00:44:27,970 Practicing for the big game this weekend? 1037 00:44:27,970 --> 00:44:29,010 Yep. 1038 00:44:29,010 --> 00:44:30,210 You're looking pretty good. 1039 00:44:30,210 --> 00:44:31,090 Oh, thanks. 1040 00:44:31,090 --> 00:44:33,527 JOHN: Yeah, just remember, keep your eye on the ball, 1041 00:44:33,527 --> 00:44:36,700 and your swing will just naturally follow through. 1042 00:44:36,700 --> 00:44:38,420 Thanks, good advice. 1043 00:44:38,420 --> 00:44:39,600 So what are you up to? 1044 00:44:39,600 --> 00:44:41,050 Well, I need to practice for the speech and debate 1045 00:44:41,050 --> 00:44:42,350 tournament this weekend. 1046 00:44:42,350 --> 00:44:44,830 Oh, yeah, the big debate over the fossil record. 1047 00:44:44,830 --> 00:44:46,210 Yeah. 1048 00:44:46,210 --> 00:44:47,820 You could say I'm a little nervous. 1049 00:44:47,820 --> 00:44:49,080 Eh, you'll do great. 1050 00:44:49,080 --> 00:44:50,970 It's just like baseball, keep your eye 1051 00:44:50,970 --> 00:44:52,430 on the topic and your presentation 1052 00:44:52,430 --> 00:44:53,440 will naturally follow-- 1053 00:44:53,440 --> 00:44:54,990 Oh. 1054 00:44:54,990 --> 00:44:55,750 John? 1055 00:44:55,750 --> 00:44:57,487 Oh, John, John, John, John, John, John. 1056 00:44:57,487 --> 00:44:58,445 Oh, gosh, I killed him. 1057 00:44:58,445 --> 00:45:01,618 No, John, are you OK? 1058 00:45:01,618 --> 00:45:04,970 ANNOUNCER: Ladies and gentlemen, it's been quite a game so far. 1059 00:45:04,970 --> 00:45:05,695 There's two outs. 1060 00:45:05,695 --> 00:45:08,692 And it appears that Jane's up for Team Evolution. 1061 00:45:08,692 --> 00:45:09,610 JOHN: You ready? 1062 00:45:12,490 --> 00:45:12,990 Yep. 1063 00:45:12,990 --> 00:45:14,740 I'm going to knock this one over the fence 1064 00:45:14,740 --> 00:45:17,700 as I take a swing at it with ancestral forms. 1065 00:45:17,700 --> 00:45:18,840 What do you mean by that? 1066 00:45:18,840 --> 00:45:20,465 JANE: Evolution predicts that we should 1067 00:45:20,465 --> 00:45:22,940 have fossils of the simplest creatures at the bottom 1068 00:45:22,940 --> 00:45:24,770 of the rock layers, showing a time 1069 00:45:24,770 --> 00:45:28,190 when life supposedly started evolving on Earth. 1070 00:45:28,190 --> 00:45:29,590 OK, you ready? 1071 00:45:29,590 --> 00:45:30,730 Let her rip. 1072 00:45:35,050 --> 00:45:36,966 ANNOUNCER: Strike one. 1073 00:45:36,966 --> 00:45:40,630 Wow, uh, what kind of pitch was that? 1074 00:45:40,630 --> 00:45:41,697 Nothing special. 1075 00:45:41,697 --> 00:45:43,280 It's just that some of the lowest rock 1076 00:45:43,280 --> 00:45:45,690 layers with fossils, called Cambrian, 1077 00:45:45,690 --> 00:45:49,200 reveal incredibly complicated creatures right at the start. 1078 00:45:49,200 --> 00:45:51,510 If evolution were true, we would expect 1079 00:45:51,510 --> 00:45:53,690 to see single-celled organisms down there, 1080 00:45:53,690 --> 00:45:56,420 then basic looking multicelled creatures above them. 1081 00:45:56,420 --> 00:45:59,740 Instead, we see Cambrian layers full of very complex sea 1082 00:45:59,740 --> 00:46:02,995 creatures with no clear ancestors in the lower rocks. 1083 00:46:02,995 --> 00:46:06,970 The Cambrian presents a dramatic explosion in animal varieties, 1084 00:46:06,970 --> 00:46:10,620 including an example from every one of today's major groups, 1085 00:46:10,620 --> 00:46:12,680 plus more besides. 1086 00:46:12,680 --> 00:46:14,400 Look at this trilobite, for example. 1087 00:46:14,400 --> 00:46:18,030 Its vision system was more complicated than yours or mine. 1088 00:46:18,030 --> 00:46:22,790 Each eye had over 15,000 individual lenses. 1089 00:46:22,790 --> 00:46:25,080 So there are no simple creatures gradually 1090 00:46:25,080 --> 00:46:26,420 leading up to them? 1091 00:46:26,420 --> 00:46:29,150 Sorry, they just appear suddenly in the layers. 1092 00:46:29,150 --> 00:46:30,666 OK, well, you got me with that one. 1093 00:46:30,666 --> 00:46:32,290 But I'm going to nail it with this one. 1094 00:46:32,290 --> 00:46:36,540 I'm swinging with transitional fossils this time. 1095 00:46:36,540 --> 00:46:38,600 OK. 1096 00:46:38,600 --> 00:46:39,580 Here comes the pitch. 1097 00:46:43,846 --> 00:46:45,140 ANNOUNCER: Strike two. 1098 00:46:45,140 --> 00:46:46,290 Whoa, that flew by. 1099 00:46:46,290 --> 00:46:47,660 What kind of a pitch was that? 1100 00:46:47,660 --> 00:46:50,345 I used my fastball since you're trying to pull a fast one. 1101 00:46:50,345 --> 00:46:52,655 The expected transitional fossils are missing. 1102 00:46:52,655 --> 00:46:53,155 What? 1103 00:46:53,155 --> 00:46:54,615 Can I have a talk with you? 1104 00:46:57,230 --> 00:46:58,330 Time out. 1105 00:46:58,330 --> 00:46:59,990 ANNOUNCER: Time out. 1106 00:46:59,990 --> 00:47:01,133 Is there an echo in here? 1107 00:47:01,133 --> 00:47:03,791 ANNOUNCER: Is there an echo in here? 1108 00:47:03,791 --> 00:47:06,283 Oh, sorry. 1109 00:47:06,283 --> 00:47:08,616 OK, what do you mean there are no transitional fossils? 1110 00:47:08,616 --> 00:47:10,610 JOHN: Well, in Charles Darwin's book, 1111 00:47:10,610 --> 00:47:12,620 "On the Origin of Species," he wrote, 1112 00:47:12,620 --> 00:47:15,090 "Why, if species have descended from other species 1113 00:47:15,090 --> 00:47:17,690 by insensibly fine gradations, do we not 1114 00:47:17,690 --> 00:47:20,950 everywhere see innumerable transitional forms?" 1115 00:47:20,950 --> 00:47:22,810 Darwin saw a problem? 1116 00:47:22,810 --> 00:47:25,340 Yeah, and he hoped future fossil digs would 1117 00:47:25,340 --> 00:47:27,240 reveal the transitional forms. 1118 00:47:27,240 --> 00:47:30,400 Since then, for more than 150 years, 1119 00:47:30,400 --> 00:47:32,730 mankind has been collecting fossils. 1120 00:47:32,730 --> 00:47:36,200 We have over 200 million in museums. 1121 00:47:36,200 --> 00:47:39,030 So in other words, most animals that have lived on Earth 1122 00:47:39,030 --> 00:47:41,270 have been fossilized and discovered. 1123 00:47:41,270 --> 00:47:43,400 Right, and if evolution were true, 1124 00:47:43,400 --> 00:47:44,910 we should have millions of fossils 1125 00:47:44,910 --> 00:47:47,360 that show us the evolution between all these animals 1126 00:47:47,360 --> 00:47:49,820 since evolution is a gradual process. 1127 00:47:49,820 --> 00:47:51,390 But in our high school textbooks, 1128 00:47:51,390 --> 00:47:53,396 they show some transitional fossils. 1129 00:47:53,396 --> 00:47:54,180 [LOUD CLICK] 1130 00:47:54,680 --> 00:47:55,880 How did you do that? 1131 00:47:55,880 --> 00:47:57,100 Dream sequence. 1132 00:47:57,100 --> 00:47:58,130 Well, in that case-- 1133 00:47:58,130 --> 00:47:58,720 [LOUD CLICK] 1134 00:47:59,790 --> 00:48:01,200 Not bad. 1135 00:48:01,200 --> 00:48:02,120 Look right here. 1136 00:48:02,120 --> 00:48:04,410 In both of these textbooks, they show 1137 00:48:04,410 --> 00:48:07,220 pictures of the Archaeopteryx fossil, supposedly 1138 00:48:07,220 --> 00:48:09,050 half dinosaur and half bird. 1139 00:48:09,050 --> 00:48:12,040 Yeah, it was discovered in 1861. 1140 00:48:12,040 --> 00:48:14,110 Alan Feduccia, a paleontologist who 1141 00:48:14,110 --> 00:48:18,750 led studies in the origins of birds, said this back in 1993. 1142 00:48:18,750 --> 00:48:20,960 "Paleontologists have tried to turn Archaeopteryx 1143 00:48:20,960 --> 00:48:23,040 into an earth-bound, feathered dinosaur. 1144 00:48:23,040 --> 00:48:23,650 But it's not. 1145 00:48:23,650 --> 00:48:25,400 It's a bird, a perching bird. 1146 00:48:25,400 --> 00:48:28,740 And no amount of 'paleobabble' is going to change that." 1147 00:48:28,740 --> 00:48:30,200 Since making that statement, there 1148 00:48:30,200 --> 00:48:33,010 has been a constant battle in the evolutionary camp about 1149 00:48:33,010 --> 00:48:35,330 whether Archaeopteryx should be even considered 1150 00:48:35,330 --> 00:48:36,845 an ancestor to birds. 1151 00:48:36,845 --> 00:48:39,220 And many are making the case that it should be thrown out 1152 00:48:39,220 --> 00:48:41,090 of the evolutionary line-up, going 1153 00:48:41,090 --> 00:48:45,700 from being a bird to a dinosaur and then back to a bird. 1154 00:48:45,700 --> 00:48:48,160 Archaeopteryx was even further disqualified 1155 00:48:48,160 --> 00:48:51,470 as an evolutionary ancestor for birds when scientists found 1156 00:48:51,470 --> 00:48:54,870 what appears to be a crow-sized bird and extinct four-winged 1157 00:48:54,870 --> 00:48:58,690 birds in rock layers designated to be below those containing 1158 00:48:58,690 --> 00:48:59,750 Archaeopteryx. 1159 00:48:59,750 --> 00:49:01,720 Talk about throwing a wild pitch. 1160 00:49:01,720 --> 00:49:04,510 Wild pitches happen often in the game of evolution, 1161 00:49:04,510 --> 00:49:06,570 like the fossil called Tiktaalik. 1162 00:49:06,570 --> 00:49:08,060 It quickly became the missing link 1163 00:49:08,060 --> 00:49:09,760 between fish and four-legged creatures 1164 00:49:09,760 --> 00:49:10,940 that first walked on land. 1165 00:49:10,940 --> 00:49:12,710 Oh, yeah, I heard of that. 1166 00:49:12,710 --> 00:49:15,040 It was kind of the star of transitional fossils. 1167 00:49:15,040 --> 00:49:17,970 But then in 2010, scientists announced in the journal 1168 00:49:17,970 --> 00:49:19,920 "Nature" that they had found footprints 1169 00:49:19,920 --> 00:49:22,360 of a four-legged land creature in Poland 1170 00:49:22,360 --> 00:49:26,220 that are supposedly 10 million years older than Tiktaalik. 1171 00:49:26,220 --> 00:49:28,620 So there goes Tiktaalik as a clear transitional fossil. 1172 00:49:28,620 --> 00:49:31,750 And yet here it is still in our textbook. 1173 00:49:31,750 --> 00:49:33,840 Like I said, there should be millions 1174 00:49:33,840 --> 00:49:35,330 of transitional fossils. 1175 00:49:35,330 --> 00:49:38,300 So if evolutionary theory can only suggest a few, 1176 00:49:38,300 --> 00:49:41,040 and those few have major problems, 1177 00:49:41,040 --> 00:49:42,910 it discredits the theory. 1178 00:49:42,910 --> 00:49:45,970 OK, so that last one was definitely a strike. 1179 00:49:45,970 --> 00:49:47,380 But I'm ready for one more pitch. 1180 00:49:47,380 --> 00:49:49,200 What are you swinging with this time? 1181 00:49:49,200 --> 00:49:51,880 JANE: Evolution theory holds that Darwin's evolution tree 1182 00:49:51,880 --> 00:49:53,840 started simple and then branched out 1183 00:49:53,840 --> 00:49:56,490 to all the amazing animals we have today. 1184 00:49:56,490 --> 00:49:57,170 OK. 1185 00:49:57,170 --> 00:49:59,740 I guess you can give it a try. 1186 00:49:59,740 --> 00:50:02,780 Yes, I can. 1187 00:50:02,780 --> 00:50:05,835 ANNOUNCER: Strike three, evolution has struck out. 1188 00:50:05,835 --> 00:50:06,634 Oh, shut it. 1189 00:50:06,634 --> 00:50:07,550 ANNOUNCER: Batter out. 1190 00:50:07,550 --> 00:50:08,960 That was a curveball 1191 00:50:08,960 --> 00:50:11,060 Yep, we see that there are many more kinds 1192 00:50:11,060 --> 00:50:13,150 of animals than we have today. 1193 00:50:13,150 --> 00:50:15,280 JANE: And many of those went extinct. 1194 00:50:15,280 --> 00:50:16,960 JOHN: Opposite of evolution. 1195 00:50:16,960 --> 00:50:19,340 OK, well, you're up to bat. 1196 00:50:19,340 --> 00:50:21,840 I'm going to slug it out of the park with the fossil record 1197 00:50:21,840 --> 00:50:24,380 confirms a world wide flood. 1198 00:50:24,380 --> 00:50:24,880 JANE: Ready? 1199 00:50:27,844 --> 00:50:28,826 [CRACK OF THE BAT] 1200 00:50:29,326 --> 00:50:30,177 [CHEERING] 1201 00:50:30,177 --> 00:50:31,302 ANNOUNCER: Wow, it's going. 1202 00:50:31,302 --> 00:50:32,290 It's going. 1203 00:50:32,290 --> 00:50:33,772 It may be over the fence. 1204 00:50:33,772 --> 00:50:37,250 Yes, home run Creation. 1205 00:50:37,250 --> 00:50:40,730 Wow, the idea that the fossil record shows a worldwide flood 1206 00:50:40,730 --> 00:50:42,110 was a home run. 1207 00:50:42,110 --> 00:50:44,410 Yeah, fossil graveyards containing animals 1208 00:50:44,410 --> 00:50:47,020 from land, sea, and air are all jumbled together. 1209 00:50:47,020 --> 00:50:48,540 And in many cases, the destruction 1210 00:50:48,540 --> 00:50:51,280 was so powerful that fossilized creatures were ripped 1211 00:50:51,280 --> 00:50:53,320 apart and very quickly in mud. 1212 00:50:53,320 --> 00:50:57,390 And 95% of the entire record is marine fossils buried mostly 1213 00:50:57,390 --> 00:51:00,740 in land rocks, not ocean bottom sediments. 1214 00:51:00,740 --> 00:51:02,590 Many layers that contain fossils are 1215 00:51:02,590 --> 00:51:05,010 so large that they search over many states 1216 00:51:05,010 --> 00:51:07,410 and sometimes cross continents. 1217 00:51:07,410 --> 00:51:09,600 That definitely sounds like a lot of water. 1218 00:51:09,600 --> 00:51:14,879 Water, a lot of water, too much water. 1219 00:51:14,879 --> 00:51:15,845 [SPLASH] 1220 00:51:19,209 --> 00:51:19,709 Oh. 1221 00:51:23,580 --> 00:51:24,080 Really? 1222 00:51:27,620 --> 00:51:29,010 I was dreaming. 1223 00:51:29,010 --> 00:51:31,270 I was pitching for Creation. 1224 00:51:31,270 --> 00:51:33,380 You were batting for evolution. 1225 00:51:33,380 --> 00:51:34,640 OK, that's it. 1226 00:51:34,640 --> 00:51:36,140 If I was batting for evolution, that 1227 00:51:36,140 --> 00:51:37,320 means I'm calling a doctor. 1228 00:51:37,320 --> 00:51:40,390 No, no, no, I, I'm OK. 1229 00:51:40,390 --> 00:51:43,410 So you dreamed that evolution lost the game? 1230 00:51:43,410 --> 00:51:46,100 Yeah, no, the fossil record didn't support it. 1231 00:51:46,100 --> 00:51:50,520 But the evidence was in line with the Biblical flood. 1232 00:51:50,520 --> 00:51:53,800 JANE: "And behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters 1233 00:51:53,800 --> 00:51:56,460 upon the earth, to destroy all flesh, 1234 00:51:56,460 --> 00:51:58,890 wherein is the breath of life, from under heaven; 1235 00:51:58,890 --> 00:52:03,540 and everything that is in the earth shall die," Genesis 6:17. 1236 00:52:03,540 --> 00:52:07,080 And Genesis 7:19 through 20 says, "And the waters 1237 00:52:07,080 --> 00:52:09,140 prevailed exceedingly on the earth, 1238 00:52:09,140 --> 00:52:12,290 and all the high hills under the whole heaven were covered. 1239 00:52:12,290 --> 00:52:14,820 The waters prevailed 15 cubits upward, 1240 00:52:14,820 --> 00:52:18,260 and the mountains were covered." 1241 00:52:18,260 --> 00:52:20,860 So after 150 years, Darwin's theory 1242 00:52:20,860 --> 00:52:22,456 still hasn't been proven true. 1243 00:52:22,456 --> 00:52:23,092 Hm mm. 1244 00:52:23,092 --> 00:52:25,050 So I guess when it comes to the fossil record, 1245 00:52:25,050 --> 00:52:28,170 evolution strikes out. 1246 00:52:28,170 --> 00:52:29,170 [THUD] 1247 00:52:29,170 --> 00:52:32,520 I'm calling the doctor. 1248 00:52:32,520 --> 00:52:34,710 Kind of makes you think, doesn't it. 1249 00:52:41,100 --> 00:52:45,930 Is it just me or is dating rocks not all it's cracked up to be? 1250 00:52:58,380 --> 00:52:59,376 [TAPPING FINGERNAILS] 1251 00:53:01,380 --> 00:53:04,270 He's late, again. 1252 00:53:04,270 --> 00:53:06,230 Sorry I am late, Jane. 1253 00:53:06,230 --> 00:53:08,070 No problem. 1254 00:53:08,070 --> 00:53:09,070 Oh, you've been jogging? 1255 00:53:09,070 --> 00:53:11,694 Yeah, I'm trying to get down to weight for the wrestling match 1256 00:53:11,694 --> 00:53:12,440 this weekend. 1257 00:53:12,440 --> 00:53:14,280 OK, well, we'd better get studying. 1258 00:53:14,280 --> 00:53:15,580 I've got one more thing to do. 1259 00:53:15,580 --> 00:53:16,540 I've got to weigh in. 1260 00:53:16,540 --> 00:53:17,730 JANE: Right now? 1261 00:53:17,730 --> 00:53:18,410 Yes, right now. 1262 00:53:18,410 --> 00:53:20,605 I've got to get down below 230 before this weekend. 1263 00:53:20,605 --> 00:53:22,980 Otherwise, I'll get kicked up to the next weight division 1264 00:53:22,980 --> 00:53:25,440 and have to face Jimmy "the Python" Peretti. 1265 00:53:25,440 --> 00:53:26,892 JANE: Jimmy the Python? 1266 00:53:26,892 --> 00:53:28,350 Yeah, he got his nickname after he 1267 00:53:28,350 --> 00:53:30,141 squeezed a kid so hard that he was crawling 1268 00:53:30,141 --> 00:53:31,520 to class for three days. 1269 00:53:31,520 --> 00:53:33,820 Oh, yeah, I think I remember that. 1270 00:53:33,820 --> 00:53:34,700 Poor kid. 1271 00:53:34,700 --> 00:53:35,544 All right. 1272 00:53:39,260 --> 00:53:40,730 Now, don't drink the water. 1273 00:53:40,730 --> 00:53:42,420 You'll add water weight. 1274 00:53:42,420 --> 00:53:43,320 Oh no, I'll be fine. 1275 00:53:47,520 --> 00:53:48,240 Oh no. 1276 00:53:48,240 --> 00:53:49,860 What's wrong? 1277 00:53:49,860 --> 00:53:52,210 245, 245. 1278 00:53:52,210 --> 00:53:52,930 Oh. 1279 00:53:52,930 --> 00:53:54,180 Do you know what that means? 1280 00:53:54,180 --> 00:53:56,840 Dah, you know what, you'll be able to get down. 1281 00:53:56,840 --> 00:53:58,530 Do not worry about it. 1282 00:53:58,530 --> 00:53:59,450 By Saturday? 1283 00:53:59,450 --> 00:54:02,010 Jimmy the Python, here I come. 1284 00:54:02,010 --> 00:54:02,940 I'm sorry, John. 1285 00:54:02,940 --> 00:54:05,340 Hey, you know, maybe if you just grease yourself down, 1286 00:54:05,340 --> 00:54:08,400 you'll just slip right out of his hands. 1287 00:54:08,400 --> 00:54:08,930 That's OK. 1288 00:54:08,930 --> 00:54:11,620 Let's just get back to studying so I can go workout. 1289 00:54:11,620 --> 00:54:13,280 You sure? 1290 00:54:13,280 --> 00:54:14,670 Yeah. 1291 00:54:14,670 --> 00:54:15,890 OK. 1292 00:54:15,890 --> 00:54:20,930 You know, I've been doing a little healthy eating myself. 1293 00:54:20,930 --> 00:54:23,910 Well, if you want to get on the scale, be my guest. 1294 00:54:23,910 --> 00:54:25,100 In front of you? 1295 00:54:25,100 --> 00:54:26,050 I don't think so. 1296 00:54:26,050 --> 00:54:27,923 JOHN: All right, all right, just offering. 1297 00:54:27,923 --> 00:54:28,423 Hm mm. 1298 00:54:28,423 --> 00:54:29,270 [PHONE RINGING] 1299 00:54:33,590 --> 00:54:34,970 Phone call. 1300 00:54:34,970 --> 00:54:37,407 I gotta take this one. 1301 00:54:37,407 --> 00:54:38,240 Hello, this is John. 1302 00:54:50,750 --> 00:54:52,270 Sorry about that. 1303 00:54:52,270 --> 00:54:55,450 We're working on radiometric dating, right. 1304 00:54:55,450 --> 00:55:00,530 Yep, yep, yeah, hm mm, radiometric dating. 1305 00:55:00,530 --> 00:55:01,130 Jane? 1306 00:55:01,130 --> 00:55:04,580 Oh, yeah, sure. 1307 00:55:04,580 --> 00:55:06,980 I've noticed this is one of the most heated battles, 1308 00:55:06,980 --> 00:55:09,710 this whole dating issue. 1309 00:55:09,710 --> 00:55:13,130 Well, that's because time is at the foundation for everything 1310 00:55:13,130 --> 00:55:14,840 evolutionary theory teaches. 1311 00:55:14,840 --> 00:55:17,990 Look, just read this section right here. 1312 00:55:17,990 --> 00:55:19,600 JANE: "Evolution takes a long time. 1313 00:55:19,600 --> 00:55:22,020 If life has evolved, then Earth must be very" fat. 1314 00:55:22,020 --> 00:55:24,510 I mean, "old." 1315 00:55:24,510 --> 00:55:27,860 Yeah, yeah, it says "old." 1316 00:55:27,860 --> 00:55:28,660 OK. 1317 00:55:28,660 --> 00:55:30,772 And down here. 1318 00:55:30,772 --> 00:55:35,140 Huh, oh, yeah, yeah. 1319 00:55:35,140 --> 00:55:37,290 "Geologists now use radioactivity 1320 00:55:37,290 --> 00:55:39,990 to establish the age of certain rocks and fossils. 1321 00:55:39,990 --> 00:55:42,670 This kind of data could have shown that the earth is young." 1322 00:55:42,670 --> 00:55:45,010 JOHN: "If that had happened, Darwin's ideas 1323 00:55:45,010 --> 00:55:46,690 would have been refuted and abandoned. 1324 00:55:46,690 --> 00:55:48,790 Instead, radioactive dating indicates 1325 00:55:48,790 --> 00:55:51,920 the earth is about 4.5 billion years old, 1326 00:55:51,920 --> 00:55:54,010 plenty of time for evolution and natural selection 1327 00:55:54,010 --> 00:55:55,080 to take place." 1328 00:55:55,080 --> 00:55:55,670 Wow. 1329 00:55:55,670 --> 00:55:58,920 It seems that the foundation of evolutionary theory 1330 00:55:58,920 --> 00:56:01,000 sure depends on radiometric dating. 1331 00:56:01,000 --> 00:56:03,490 Radiometric dating is used to support the belief 1332 00:56:03,490 --> 00:56:07,020 that millions of years exist for evolution to happen. 1333 00:56:07,020 --> 00:56:07,612 Yep. 1334 00:56:07,612 --> 00:56:09,570 And like they said, the entire age of the earth 1335 00:56:09,570 --> 00:56:11,184 rests upon radiometric dating. 1336 00:56:11,184 --> 00:56:12,600 It sure seems that they're putting 1337 00:56:12,600 --> 00:56:15,140 a lot of faith in something that they can't actually test 1338 00:56:15,140 --> 00:56:16,710 through direct observation. 1339 00:56:16,710 --> 00:56:19,850 After all, plenty of assumptions go into these calculations. 1340 00:56:19,850 --> 00:56:22,580 If it were to be disproved, their whole worldview 1341 00:56:22,580 --> 00:56:24,510 would seem to collapse. 1342 00:56:24,510 --> 00:56:26,260 Without billions of years, you can't 1343 00:56:26,260 --> 00:56:30,660 have biological evolution or geological evolution on Earth. 1344 00:56:30,660 --> 00:56:31,880 Pretty epic, eh. 1345 00:56:31,880 --> 00:56:33,590 So based on their dating methods, 1346 00:56:33,590 --> 00:56:35,520 they've come up with an age for each section 1347 00:56:35,520 --> 00:56:38,790 of the geologic column that we find on the very next page. 1348 00:56:38,790 --> 00:56:40,950 JANE: And based on that, they determine 1349 00:56:40,950 --> 00:56:44,801 the age of the earth to be about 4.5 billion years old. 1350 00:56:44,801 --> 00:56:46,300 JOHN: Actually, the age of the earth 1351 00:56:46,300 --> 00:56:48,550 is based on the dating of certain meteorites. 1352 00:56:48,550 --> 00:56:50,990 They assume these meteorites formed at the same time 1353 00:56:50,990 --> 00:56:53,110 as the earth, and that dating the meteorites 1354 00:56:53,110 --> 00:56:54,890 will give us the age of the earth. 1355 00:56:54,890 --> 00:56:57,260 With that as a start, they then construct the ages 1356 00:56:57,260 --> 00:56:59,420 of the layers in the column based primarily 1357 00:56:59,420 --> 00:57:02,204 on the layers of volcanic ash and igneous rock. 1358 00:57:02,204 --> 00:57:02,745 Cookie? 1359 00:57:02,745 --> 00:57:03,620 I'm not going to be-- 1360 00:57:03,620 --> 00:57:04,161 JANE: Thanks. 1361 00:57:11,880 --> 00:57:17,850 So for the test, could you remind me about how radiometric 1362 00:57:17,850 --> 00:57:19,010 dating works? 1363 00:57:19,010 --> 00:57:20,220 Sure. 1364 00:57:20,220 --> 00:57:22,986 Can you hand me my water bottle? 1365 00:57:22,986 --> 00:57:24,527 Wow, this thing's still half frozen. 1366 00:57:24,527 --> 00:57:25,660 Hm mm. 1367 00:57:25,660 --> 00:57:28,670 Now pretend the water bottle is a rock. 1368 00:57:34,020 --> 00:57:36,510 Jane, what are you doing? 1369 00:57:36,510 --> 00:57:38,810 Pretending it's a rock. 1370 00:57:38,810 --> 00:57:42,850 OK, well, rocks contain radioactive material called 1371 00:57:42,850 --> 00:57:44,940 the parent element, or isotope, which 1372 00:57:44,940 --> 00:57:47,720 decays into a non-radioactive stable product known 1373 00:57:47,720 --> 00:57:49,490 as the daughter element, or isotope. 1374 00:57:49,490 --> 00:57:50,960 OK, I remember now. 1375 00:57:50,960 --> 00:57:54,950 So it's like the ice that slowly melts into the water. 1376 00:57:54,950 --> 00:57:56,170 JOHN: Yeah. 1377 00:57:56,170 --> 00:57:59,550 And in the biology book, there's a chart here 1378 00:57:59,550 --> 00:58:03,770 that shows Potassium-40 decaying into Argon-40. 1379 00:58:03,770 --> 00:58:05,750 JANE: OK, I see. 1380 00:58:05,750 --> 00:58:08,370 So based on how we can measure it today, 1381 00:58:08,370 --> 00:58:11,570 we assume that every 1.3 billion years the amount 1382 00:58:11,570 --> 00:58:14,606 of Potassium-40 decreases by half. 1383 00:58:14,606 --> 00:58:17,060 Right, a radioactive half-life. 1384 00:58:17,060 --> 00:58:18,720 So when they discover a rock, they 1385 00:58:18,720 --> 00:58:20,600 can measure the amount of parent material 1386 00:58:20,600 --> 00:58:22,058 and the amount of daughter product, 1387 00:58:22,058 --> 00:58:24,520 and using a chart like this, determine how old it is. 1388 00:58:24,520 --> 00:58:27,610 So what's wrong with this method? 1389 00:58:27,610 --> 00:58:29,910 Well, methods measure only the amounts 1390 00:58:29,910 --> 00:58:31,590 of isotopes in the rock. 1391 00:58:31,590 --> 00:58:35,220 This is good science because it is observable and repeatable. 1392 00:58:35,220 --> 00:58:38,280 It just gives the ratio of one element to another. 1393 00:58:38,280 --> 00:58:42,100 But the age is an interpretation of those measurements, not 1394 00:58:42,100 --> 00:58:43,290 an observation. 1395 00:58:43,290 --> 00:58:45,570 And that interpretation assumes answers 1396 00:58:45,570 --> 00:58:47,992 to all kinds of untested questions. 1397 00:58:47,992 --> 00:58:50,200 What if the rock already had a daughter isotope in it 1398 00:58:50,200 --> 00:58:51,450 from the very beginning? 1399 00:58:51,450 --> 00:58:53,240 Or what if the rock gets contaminated? 1400 00:58:53,240 --> 00:58:55,650 Or what if the rate of decay was rattled 1401 00:58:55,650 --> 00:58:57,200 at some point in the past? 1402 00:58:57,200 --> 00:59:00,400 What was the original ratio of parent to daughter isotope? 1403 00:59:00,400 --> 00:59:03,590 One must assume no parent or daughter material was added 1404 00:59:03,590 --> 00:59:06,360 or removed from the rock, and that the rate of decay 1405 00:59:06,360 --> 00:59:10,620 has always been constant over millions and millions of years. 1406 00:59:10,620 --> 00:59:12,770 Are those assumptions wrong? 1407 00:59:12,770 --> 00:59:14,980 I mean, if you start with false assumptions, 1408 00:59:14,980 --> 00:59:17,417 you could get really bad dates. 1409 00:59:17,417 --> 00:59:19,000 Well, many scientists think they are. 1410 00:59:19,000 --> 00:59:20,610 And our textbooks don't even tell us 1411 00:59:20,610 --> 00:59:23,720 about all the assumptions required to date the rock. 1412 00:59:23,720 --> 00:59:26,590 But the most convincing evidence is all the crazy dates 1413 00:59:26,590 --> 00:59:28,380 they get with radioisotope methods. 1414 00:59:28,380 --> 00:59:30,630 I wonder if our teacher even knows all the assumptions 1415 00:59:30,630 --> 00:59:33,260 behind radiometric dating. 1416 00:59:33,260 --> 00:59:34,784 To be fair, there are lots of dates 1417 00:59:34,784 --> 00:59:35,950 that agree with one another. 1418 00:59:35,950 --> 00:59:38,408 But there are many examples of different mineral components 1419 00:59:38,408 --> 00:59:41,120 of a rock giving very different radiometric dates. 1420 00:59:41,120 --> 00:59:43,870 And very often, different isotope systems 1421 00:59:43,870 --> 00:59:46,920 give different ages for the same rock. 1422 00:59:46,920 --> 00:59:50,530 So how can which one is the right age, if any? 1423 00:59:50,530 --> 00:59:53,060 And then there are rocks we know the age of, where 1424 00:59:53,060 --> 00:59:55,220 we watched it cool from lava that 1425 00:59:55,220 --> 00:59:57,000 give radically older dates. 1426 00:59:57,000 --> 00:59:58,090 Really? 1427 00:59:58,090 --> 00:59:58,930 Yeah. 1428 00:59:58,930 --> 01:00:01,050 A lava flow in a volcano of the North 1429 01:00:01,050 --> 01:00:04,380 Island of New Zealand that happened in 1954 1430 01:00:04,380 --> 01:00:07,770 was dated to be 3.5 million years old. 1431 01:00:07,770 --> 01:00:09,840 Wow, that's really off. 1432 01:00:09,840 --> 01:00:11,590 JOHN: A volcanic bomb that blew out of Mt. 1433 01:00:11,590 --> 01:00:17,100 Stromboli in Italy in 1963 was dated at 2.4 million years old. 1434 01:00:17,100 --> 01:00:19,800 And that dated much older than it really was. 1435 01:00:19,800 --> 01:00:22,410 JOHN: A 10-year-old rock from Mount St. Helens' lava dome 1436 01:00:22,410 --> 01:00:26,192 dated to 350,000 years and older. 1437 01:00:26,192 --> 01:00:27,650 JANE: If we can't trust radiometric 1438 01:00:27,650 --> 01:00:30,910 dating on rocks that we can see formed, then how can we 1439 01:00:30,910 --> 01:00:33,470 trust radiometric dating on rocks that we can see 1440 01:00:33,470 --> 01:00:37,680 formed, rocks that supposedly formed a million years ago. 1441 01:00:37,680 --> 01:00:38,530 I know, right. 1442 01:00:38,530 --> 01:00:41,590 And there are so many other examples. 1443 01:00:41,590 --> 01:00:42,410 Check this out. 1444 01:00:42,410 --> 01:00:44,070 Aha. 1445 01:00:44,070 --> 01:00:45,200 OK. 1446 01:00:45,200 --> 01:00:48,100 What's this? 1447 01:00:48,100 --> 01:00:50,560 You carry rocks in your backpack while you're jogging? 1448 01:00:50,560 --> 01:00:52,840 Hey, hardcore. 1449 01:00:52,840 --> 01:00:56,070 OK, this rock was taken from the Ono formation near Redding, 1450 01:00:56,070 --> 01:00:59,140 California, where millions of sea fossils have been found. 1451 01:00:59,140 --> 01:01:01,490 This lower Cretaceous rock is supposed 1452 01:01:01,490 --> 01:01:04,690 to be about 112 million years old. 1453 01:01:04,690 --> 01:01:07,070 But the marine fossil stuck inside the mud 1454 01:01:07,070 --> 01:01:12,980 rock, an ammonite, showed 36,000 radiocarbon years. 1455 01:01:12,980 --> 01:01:16,470 How can a rock be 120 million years old 1456 01:01:16,470 --> 01:01:19,880 if it holds a fossil of only 36,000 1457 01:01:19,880 --> 01:01:21,860 years using a different method. 1458 01:01:21,860 --> 01:01:24,062 I wonder if either date is meaningful. 1459 01:01:24,062 --> 01:01:28,110 It seems kind of suspicious to me. 1460 01:01:28,110 --> 01:01:31,637 The evidence isn't seeming too rock solid. 1461 01:01:31,637 --> 01:01:33,700 Hm, funny. 1462 01:01:33,700 --> 01:01:34,950 Let me see your diamond ring. 1463 01:01:34,950 --> 01:01:36,700 You mean my purity ring? 1464 01:01:36,700 --> 01:01:39,040 It's got a diamond on it, doesn't it. 1465 01:01:39,040 --> 01:01:42,660 Sure, I mean, aren't they brilliant? 1466 01:01:42,660 --> 01:01:44,910 Hey, at the jewelry store, the sign 1467 01:01:44,910 --> 01:01:46,620 said diamonds take billions of years 1468 01:01:46,620 --> 01:01:48,850 to form deep beneath the earth. 1469 01:01:48,850 --> 01:01:50,040 I doubt that. 1470 01:01:50,040 --> 01:01:52,220 Researchers find Carbon-14 in diamonds. 1471 01:01:52,220 --> 01:01:53,790 Why is that important? 1472 01:01:53,790 --> 01:01:55,560 Radiocarbon decays quickly. 1473 01:01:55,560 --> 01:01:59,080 It has a half-life of only about 5,730 years. 1474 01:01:59,080 --> 01:02:02,250 So its maximum shelf life is only about 100,000 years 1475 01:02:02,250 --> 01:02:04,220 before it becomes undetectable. 1476 01:02:04,220 --> 01:02:07,090 And it might be impossible to contaminate an old diamond 1477 01:02:07,090 --> 01:02:08,840 with young carbon. 1478 01:02:08,840 --> 01:02:10,930 JANE: Wow, so those diamonds must be younger 1479 01:02:10,930 --> 01:02:12,070 than they think. 1480 01:02:12,070 --> 01:02:13,730 So here's the real question. 1481 01:02:13,730 --> 01:02:17,280 Why aren't any of these examples in our textbook? 1482 01:02:17,280 --> 01:02:21,005 Well, I should get back to working out, and-- what? 1483 01:02:23,510 --> 01:02:25,690 This scale is reading an extra 15 pounds on it. 1484 01:02:25,690 --> 01:02:27,300 What? 1485 01:02:27,300 --> 01:02:30,170 This scale is evil. 1486 01:02:30,170 --> 01:02:31,070 Calm down. 1487 01:02:31,070 --> 01:02:34,151 It just wasn't calibrated, OK, see. 1488 01:02:34,151 --> 01:02:34,650 OK. 1489 01:02:38,330 --> 01:02:43,000 All right, 229, safe. 1490 01:02:43,000 --> 01:02:46,690 Hey, that's kind of like radiometric dating. 1491 01:02:46,690 --> 01:02:49,390 Maybe everyone's been trusting that it's accurate, 1492 01:02:49,390 --> 01:02:51,550 but it's been giving them false numbers. 1493 01:02:51,550 --> 01:02:53,200 With all the overwhelming evidence 1494 01:02:53,200 --> 01:02:54,984 that it doesn't work consistently, 1495 01:02:54,984 --> 01:02:56,400 I'm surprised that they present it 1496 01:02:56,400 --> 01:02:58,110 with such confidence in our textbooks. 1497 01:02:58,110 --> 01:02:59,830 Jane, it goes back to the original quote 1498 01:02:59,830 --> 01:03:00,790 we read in the book. 1499 01:03:00,790 --> 01:03:02,290 If they're wrong about dating rocks, 1500 01:03:02,290 --> 01:03:05,080 then the entire evolutionary theory crumbles to pieces. 1501 01:03:05,080 --> 01:03:06,160 That's true. 1502 01:03:06,160 --> 01:03:08,590 None of us were there to verify the assumptions. 1503 01:03:08,590 --> 01:03:11,480 JOHN: But God has provided a written account of history. 1504 01:03:11,480 --> 01:03:14,190 And if you tally up all the chronologies and time cues 1505 01:03:14,190 --> 01:03:16,840 in the Bible, the earth is about 6,000 years old. 1506 01:03:16,840 --> 01:03:18,850 So we trust God's word instead of man's 1507 01:03:18,850 --> 01:03:20,050 fallible dating methods. 1508 01:03:20,050 --> 01:03:23,182 It's like it says in Job 38:4, "Where were you when I laid 1509 01:03:23,182 --> 01:03:24,390 the foundations of the earth? 1510 01:03:24,390 --> 01:03:26,522 Tell me if you have understanding." 1511 01:03:26,522 --> 01:03:28,543 It's like God saying, you weren't there. 1512 01:03:31,860 --> 01:03:33,990 Kind of makes you think, doesn't it. 1513 01:03:40,010 --> 01:03:43,170 Is it just me or can things that evolutionists 1514 01:03:43,170 --> 01:03:47,180 claim take long amounts of time actually happen very quickly? 1515 01:04:01,834 --> 01:04:05,980 Hm, there good as new. 1516 01:04:05,980 --> 01:04:08,820 Jane, Jane, I got the new case. 1517 01:04:08,820 --> 01:04:10,690 I got the heavy duty one, the heaviest duty 1518 01:04:10,690 --> 01:04:11,820 one on the market. 1519 01:04:11,820 --> 01:04:14,270 You could roll a truck over this baby. 1520 01:04:14,270 --> 01:04:15,662 I've always wanted to do this. 1521 01:04:15,662 --> 01:04:16,610 [CRASHING SOUND] 1522 01:04:17,110 --> 01:04:18,800 Hadn't put it on yet. 1523 01:04:18,800 --> 01:04:22,180 Had not put it on yet. 1524 01:04:22,180 --> 01:04:23,720 Oh, no. 1525 01:04:23,720 --> 01:04:24,730 Oh, no. 1526 01:04:24,730 --> 01:04:30,070 Oh, you didn't-- oops. 1527 01:04:30,070 --> 01:04:34,644 JOHN: Oh, man, what normal person throws a phone? 1528 01:04:34,644 --> 01:04:37,271 Well, I never said I was normal. 1529 01:04:40,220 --> 01:04:43,400 OK, I'm so sorry. 1530 01:04:43,400 --> 01:04:45,810 Call me now, guys. 1531 01:04:45,810 --> 01:04:49,080 Well, you know, I'm not like upset, upset. 1532 01:04:49,080 --> 01:04:52,170 I was expecting a call from the scholarship board today. 1533 01:04:52,170 --> 01:04:55,430 The process takes months, and if they can't contact me, 1534 01:04:55,430 --> 01:04:57,410 it's just going to be that much longer. 1535 01:04:57,410 --> 01:04:58,330 We can do this. 1536 01:04:58,330 --> 01:04:59,110 We can fix this. 1537 01:04:59,110 --> 01:05:01,760 We just have to put the pieces back on the screen. 1538 01:05:01,760 --> 01:05:05,245 And then use this shipping tape to put it all back together. 1539 01:05:05,245 --> 01:05:06,220 Not going to work. 1540 01:05:06,220 --> 01:05:07,040 Yes, it will. 1541 01:05:07,040 --> 01:05:08,150 Yes, it will. 1542 01:05:11,130 --> 01:05:13,170 Who knew a phone could shatter so completely? 1543 01:05:15,720 --> 01:05:17,857 This is a nightmare. 1544 01:05:17,857 --> 01:05:18,440 No, it isn't. 1545 01:05:18,440 --> 01:05:19,515 No, look, we can do this. 1546 01:05:19,515 --> 01:05:20,140 We can do this. 1547 01:05:20,140 --> 01:05:22,280 We almost got it done. 1548 01:05:22,280 --> 01:05:27,000 See, look, oh, here's Australia. 1549 01:05:27,000 --> 01:05:27,920 Huh. 1550 01:05:27,920 --> 01:05:29,230 OK, look, that can go there. 1551 01:05:29,230 --> 01:05:31,620 And then look, we already have Africa. 1552 01:05:31,620 --> 01:05:32,710 JOHN: North America. 1553 01:05:32,710 --> 01:05:36,030 JANE: Yes, see, now, look, soon enough, we'll have Pangea, 1554 01:05:36,030 --> 01:05:37,996 and then your phone will be able to work. 1555 01:05:37,996 --> 01:05:40,720 Pangea? 1556 01:05:40,720 --> 01:05:42,210 You mean the supercontinent? 1557 01:05:42,210 --> 01:05:45,260 Yeah, I was just reading about it for this week's homework. 1558 01:05:45,260 --> 01:05:50,220 Let's see, it was page 162. 1559 01:05:50,220 --> 01:05:53,660 Now, right here, they believe all the continents 1560 01:05:53,660 --> 01:05:58,520 were together to form Pangea 225 million years ago. 1561 01:05:58,520 --> 01:06:01,130 But not everyone agrees, right. 1562 01:06:01,130 --> 01:06:02,050 True. 1563 01:06:02,050 --> 01:06:05,840 Thousands of scientists believe in fast continental sprint 1564 01:06:05,840 --> 01:06:08,700 rather than slow continental drift. 1565 01:06:08,700 --> 01:06:11,900 One famous scientist by the name of Dr. John Baumgardner 1566 01:06:11,900 --> 01:06:14,700 created a computer model for plate tectonics 1567 01:06:14,700 --> 01:06:16,660 that thousands of geophysicists use 1568 01:06:16,660 --> 01:06:19,000 to investigate earth processes. 1569 01:06:19,000 --> 01:06:21,550 His model has given us an understanding 1570 01:06:21,550 --> 01:06:24,360 of how the continents split apart thousands, 1571 01:06:24,360 --> 01:06:26,430 not millions of years ago. 1572 01:06:26,430 --> 01:06:28,760 Oh, yeah, isn't he the creator of "Terra?" 1573 01:06:28,760 --> 01:06:29,400 Yep. 1574 01:06:29,400 --> 01:06:32,520 In 1997, the "US News and World Report" 1575 01:06:32,520 --> 01:06:36,160 reported "Terra" was created by a Los Alamos lab 1576 01:06:36,160 --> 01:06:38,770 scientist, the world's preeminent expert 1577 01:06:38,770 --> 01:06:42,050 in the design of computer models for geophysical convection. 1578 01:06:42,050 --> 01:06:45,340 The process by which the earth creates volcanoes, earthquakes, 1579 01:06:45,340 --> 01:06:47,830 and the movement of the continental plate. 1580 01:06:47,830 --> 01:06:50,644 Didn't he show that they can also move very quickly? 1581 01:06:50,644 --> 01:06:51,530 Right. 1582 01:06:51,530 --> 01:06:53,310 But because the theory of evolution 1583 01:06:53,310 --> 01:06:56,440 takes a long period of time to supposedly happen, 1584 01:06:56,440 --> 01:06:59,530 many only accept uniformitarian ideas. 1585 01:06:59,530 --> 01:07:01,050 Uniforma who? 1586 01:07:01,050 --> 01:07:04,530 Oh, defines over here. 1587 01:07:04,530 --> 01:07:07,400 "Geologists make inferences based on the principle 1588 01:07:07,400 --> 01:07:09,010 of uniformitarianism. 1589 01:07:09,010 --> 01:07:11,580 This principle states that the same processes that operate 1590 01:07:11,580 --> 01:07:13,640 today operated in the past." 1591 01:07:13,640 --> 01:07:15,140 JOHN: So they can determine the rate 1592 01:07:15,140 --> 01:07:17,431 at which a river is currently cutting through a canyon, 1593 01:07:17,431 --> 01:07:19,730 and then use that to determine how old it is? 1594 01:07:19,730 --> 01:07:20,520 Correct. 1595 01:07:20,520 --> 01:07:23,480 But what this principle refuses to take into account 1596 01:07:23,480 --> 01:07:27,030 is the major catastrophic events of the past. 1597 01:07:27,030 --> 01:07:29,730 Even many evolutionary geologists 1598 01:07:29,730 --> 01:07:31,870 are starting to recognize the importance 1599 01:07:31,870 --> 01:07:34,440 of regional catastrophes in understanding 1600 01:07:34,440 --> 01:07:36,325 the geologic features on Earth. 1601 01:07:36,325 --> 01:07:37,221 [PHONE RINGING] 1602 01:07:37,221 --> 01:07:37,720 Ooh. 1603 01:07:40,510 --> 01:07:42,590 I think this might be the scholarship board. 1604 01:07:42,590 --> 01:07:44,070 Quick, hand me South America. 1605 01:07:44,070 --> 01:07:45,271 Here. 1606 01:07:45,271 --> 01:07:45,770 All right. 1607 01:07:45,770 --> 01:07:46,270 Here we go. 1608 01:07:46,270 --> 01:07:48,032 Ready? 1609 01:07:48,032 --> 01:07:48,880 Done, go. 1610 01:07:48,880 --> 01:07:50,625 Please work, please work. 1611 01:07:50,625 --> 01:07:51,125 Hello? 1612 01:07:51,125 --> 01:07:53,320 MAN ON PHONE: Yes, I was calling to let you 1613 01:07:53,320 --> 01:07:54,820 know your hearing aids are in. 1614 01:07:54,820 --> 01:07:55,340 What? 1615 01:07:55,340 --> 01:07:59,100 MAN ON PHONE: I said your hearing aids are in. 1616 01:07:59,100 --> 01:08:00,964 You've got the wrong number. 1617 01:08:03,760 --> 01:08:07,940 So I'm guessing that wasn't the scholarship board? 1618 01:08:07,940 --> 01:08:10,180 No, I probably missed their call. 1619 01:08:10,180 --> 01:08:13,550 Now, I'm not going to hear back from them for weeks or months. 1620 01:08:13,550 --> 01:08:16,400 Well, at least your phone works. 1621 01:08:16,400 --> 01:08:16,899 OK. 1622 01:08:16,899 --> 01:08:20,510 So our textbooks say that rock layers take a long time 1623 01:08:20,510 --> 01:08:21,909 to form. 1624 01:08:21,909 --> 01:08:22,950 Have you heard about Mt. 1625 01:08:22,950 --> 01:08:23,546 St. Helens? 1626 01:08:23,546 --> 01:08:24,859 Yeah. 1627 01:08:24,859 --> 01:08:29,120 OK, well, during the 1980s eruptions at Mount St. Helens, 1628 01:08:29,120 --> 01:08:33,189 200 layers of rock were deposited in three hours. 1629 01:08:33,189 --> 01:08:36,660 Entire river systems were carved in a matter of months, 1630 01:08:36,660 --> 01:08:39,649 right through 700 feet of hard rock. 1631 01:08:39,649 --> 01:08:41,680 Examples like this caused geologists 1632 01:08:41,680 --> 01:08:44,540 to rethink some of their previous ideas 1633 01:08:44,540 --> 01:08:47,460 and give Biblical creationists great models 1634 01:08:47,460 --> 01:08:50,370 for the flood of Noah's day. 1635 01:08:50,370 --> 01:08:53,020 So imagine what a worldwide flood would do? 1636 01:08:53,020 --> 01:08:54,490 Exactly. 1637 01:08:54,490 --> 01:09:02,060 So here it says, "These rock layers in the Grand Canyon 1638 01:09:02,060 --> 01:09:04,410 were laid down over millions of years 1639 01:09:04,410 --> 01:09:06,630 and were then slowly washed away by the river, 1640 01:09:06,630 --> 01:09:07,689 forming a channel." 1641 01:09:07,689 --> 01:09:10,180 That's uniformitarian thinking, isn't it. 1642 01:09:10,180 --> 01:09:10,819 Yep. 1643 01:09:10,819 --> 01:09:13,420 If these rock layers took millions of years to form, 1644 01:09:13,420 --> 01:09:15,720 then the bottom rock layers would be hard and brittle 1645 01:09:15,720 --> 01:09:18,760 by the time the ones at the top would be deposited. 1646 01:09:18,760 --> 01:09:23,029 But near Grand Canyon, all of the layers are bent together. 1647 01:09:23,029 --> 01:09:27,680 If they were bent together while they were hard, snap. 1648 01:09:27,680 --> 01:09:29,866 The rocks didn't shatter like they should have. 1649 01:09:29,866 --> 01:09:31,240 They must have been bent together 1650 01:09:31,240 --> 01:09:34,382 while they were soft and pliable, the whole stack. 1651 01:09:34,382 --> 01:09:35,840 That means they were all deposited 1652 01:09:35,840 --> 01:09:40,210 at about the same time, not over millions of years. 1653 01:09:40,210 --> 01:09:41,950 So what about the canyon itself? 1654 01:09:41,950 --> 01:09:45,040 Well, if the river slowly carved the canyon, 1655 01:09:45,040 --> 01:09:47,600 then we should see all the material piled up 1656 01:09:47,600 --> 01:09:49,319 in a river delta. 1657 01:09:49,319 --> 01:09:51,470 But it's completely missing. 1658 01:09:51,470 --> 01:09:54,960 In fact, about 1,000 cubic miles has been eroded 1659 01:09:54,960 --> 01:09:56,990 to form the Grand Canyon. 1660 01:09:56,990 --> 01:09:58,460 Where did it all go? 1661 01:09:58,460 --> 01:10:01,840 If the canyon was slowly eroded by the Colorado River, 1662 01:10:01,840 --> 01:10:04,890 an enormous delta should be found at the mouth of the river 1663 01:10:04,890 --> 01:10:07,410 where it empties into the Gulf of California. 1664 01:10:07,410 --> 01:10:10,110 But the delta only contains about 1% 1665 01:10:10,110 --> 01:10:12,810 of the eroded material we would expect 1666 01:10:12,810 --> 01:10:15,370 if the evolutionary explanation were true. 1667 01:10:15,370 --> 01:10:18,340 Unless it was carved by a massive catastrophe, 1668 01:10:18,340 --> 01:10:20,350 which carried all the material away. 1669 01:10:20,350 --> 01:10:21,700 That's what I think. 1670 01:10:21,700 --> 01:10:27,120 Check out what it says about fossils in our biology book. 1671 01:10:27,120 --> 01:10:29,940 "Even if an organism lives in an environment where fossils 1672 01:10:29,940 --> 01:10:32,210 can form, the chances are slim that its dead body 1673 01:10:32,210 --> 01:10:34,760 will be buried in sediment before it decays." 1674 01:10:34,760 --> 01:10:37,950 So animals have to be quickly buried in sediment 1675 01:10:37,950 --> 01:10:41,060 so its cells can be preserved and then replaced 1676 01:10:41,060 --> 01:10:43,430 by the surrounding minerals. 1677 01:10:43,430 --> 01:10:47,060 OK, so check out this fossilized clam. 1678 01:10:47,060 --> 01:10:49,860 You have fossilized clams in your purse. 1679 01:10:49,860 --> 01:10:51,680 Yeah, they hurt in my pocket. 1680 01:10:51,680 --> 01:10:54,470 Anyway, so what happens to a clam when it dies? 1681 01:10:54,470 --> 01:10:56,380 No more homework? 1682 01:10:56,380 --> 01:10:59,700 No, they open up and their two shells separate. 1683 01:10:59,700 --> 01:11:01,990 But this clam was fossilized before it 1684 01:11:01,990 --> 01:11:05,720 had a chance to fall open or be pulled open by a scavenger. 1685 01:11:05,720 --> 01:11:08,120 They've also found fossils of a fish coming out 1686 01:11:08,120 --> 01:11:09,670 of another's mouth. 1687 01:11:09,670 --> 01:11:12,070 How quickly did that get fossilized? 1688 01:11:12,070 --> 01:11:13,570 JOHN: Not fast enough. 1689 01:11:13,570 --> 01:11:16,850 JANE: Or what about a marine reptile caught giving birth? 1690 01:11:16,850 --> 01:11:18,580 Awkward. 1691 01:11:18,580 --> 01:11:19,570 JANE: Yeah. 1692 01:11:19,570 --> 01:11:21,220 And they found many dinosaur bones 1693 01:11:21,220 --> 01:11:25,666 with red blood cells, soft tissue, proteins, and even DNA. 1694 01:11:25,666 --> 01:11:27,040 How quickly would that have to be 1695 01:11:27,040 --> 01:11:29,860 buried before it deteriorated? 1696 01:11:29,860 --> 01:11:34,270 JOHN: And have it last for 70 million years, there's no way. 1697 01:11:34,270 --> 01:11:36,650 JANE: But all of these could have been fossilized 1698 01:11:36,650 --> 01:11:38,690 during the worldwide flood. 1699 01:11:38,690 --> 01:11:41,910 JOHN: Right, Noah's flood would create many of the rock layers 1700 01:11:41,910 --> 01:11:43,600 that stretch over entire continents 1701 01:11:43,600 --> 01:11:45,710 and bury millions of creatures for us 1702 01:11:45,710 --> 01:11:47,270 to find as fossils today. 1703 01:11:47,270 --> 01:11:50,130 It doesn't take millions of years to form fossils. 1704 01:11:50,130 --> 01:11:52,990 It can happen rapidly under the right conditions. 1705 01:11:52,990 --> 01:11:55,640 I guess it all comes down to what it says in II Peter, 1706 01:11:55,640 --> 01:11:59,200 chapter 3, that "Scoffers will come in the last days, 1707 01:11:59,200 --> 01:12:02,150 walking according to their own lusts, and saying, 1708 01:12:02,150 --> 01:12:05,060 'Where is the promise of His coming?' For since the fathers 1709 01:12:05,060 --> 01:12:08,310 fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning 1710 01:12:08,310 --> 01:12:09,540 of creation. 1711 01:12:09,540 --> 01:12:12,940 For this they will willfully forget: that by the word of God 1712 01:12:12,940 --> 01:12:15,440 the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out 1713 01:12:15,440 --> 01:12:17,500 of water and in the water, by which 1714 01:12:17,500 --> 01:12:19,610 the world that then existed perished, 1715 01:12:19,610 --> 01:12:22,700 being flooded with water." 1716 01:12:22,700 --> 01:12:24,410 They deny the worldwide flood. 1717 01:12:24,410 --> 01:12:25,410 [PHONE RINGING] 1718 01:12:27,910 --> 01:12:30,250 Ahem. 1719 01:12:30,250 --> 01:12:32,390 Yes, this is John. 1720 01:12:32,390 --> 01:12:34,150 Really? 1721 01:12:34,150 --> 01:12:35,910 Really? 1722 01:12:35,910 --> 01:12:38,050 Really. 1723 01:12:38,050 --> 01:12:40,600 All right, well, thank you very much. 1724 01:12:40,600 --> 01:12:44,260 Yeah, I'll talk to you then. 1725 01:12:44,260 --> 01:12:45,609 Guess who that was. 1726 01:12:45,609 --> 01:12:46,942 That was the scholarship board. 1727 01:12:46,942 --> 01:12:48,790 Did that go well? 1728 01:12:48,790 --> 01:12:49,330 Yes. 1729 01:12:49,330 --> 01:12:50,470 Yes. 1730 01:12:50,470 --> 01:12:52,020 I got the scholarship. 1731 01:12:52,020 --> 01:12:55,194 I thought I was going to have months of paperwork, 1732 01:12:55,194 --> 01:12:56,610 and I just got it, just like that. 1733 01:12:56,610 --> 01:12:58,770 Oh, congratulations, John. 1734 01:12:58,770 --> 01:13:01,010 Yeah, I guess things you think are 1735 01:13:01,010 --> 01:13:03,280 going to take a really long time can sometimes 1736 01:13:03,280 --> 01:13:05,420 happen very rapidly. 1737 01:13:05,420 --> 01:13:08,791 Yep, kind of makes you think, doesn't it? 1738 01:13:14,910 --> 01:13:19,350 Is it just me, or does a 100-pound wolf-like creature 1739 01:13:19,350 --> 01:13:25,350 turning into a 360,000-pound blue whale seem a little hard 1740 01:13:25,350 --> 01:13:25,850 to believe? 1741 01:13:39,020 --> 01:13:40,350 JOHN: Who's got you covered? 1742 01:13:40,350 --> 01:13:42,110 Oh, you got burgers. 1743 01:13:42,110 --> 01:13:44,361 Oh, man, I love you. 1744 01:13:44,361 --> 01:13:46,120 Yeah, well, I figured that since we're 1745 01:13:46,120 --> 01:13:48,060 going to be studying anyways. 1746 01:13:48,060 --> 01:13:49,280 Oh, yeah, pretty much. 1747 01:13:49,280 --> 01:13:51,883 All right, let's see what you got here. 1748 01:13:51,883 --> 01:13:53,270 Oh. 1749 01:13:53,270 --> 01:13:55,505 We've got the old macaroni fries. 1750 01:13:55,505 --> 01:13:59,410 Oh, we've got some burgers. 1751 01:13:59,410 --> 01:14:01,637 Silverware, for burgers? 1752 01:14:01,637 --> 01:14:02,220 I don't know. 1753 01:14:02,220 --> 01:14:05,178 The girl who was giving all this stuff out was like a zombie. 1754 01:14:05,178 --> 01:14:06,174 [MOANING] 1755 01:14:07,170 --> 01:14:10,020 So you know what's going to be on this test, right? 1756 01:14:10,020 --> 01:14:11,412 Yeah, whale evolution. 1757 01:14:11,412 --> 01:14:13,870 Can you imagine what it would take for a wolf-like creature 1758 01:14:13,870 --> 01:14:14,765 to turn into a whale? 1759 01:14:14,765 --> 01:14:17,410 The little tail would have to turn into a gigantic fluke. 1760 01:14:17,410 --> 01:14:20,070 And the forelimbs would have to turn into flippers. 1761 01:14:20,070 --> 01:14:23,420 They would need to evolve a brand new respiratory system. 1762 01:14:23,420 --> 01:14:25,070 I mean, that's not easy. 1763 01:14:25,070 --> 01:14:28,290 And then they would have to evolve a blowhole. 1764 01:14:28,290 --> 01:14:31,520 And then their teeth would have to evolve into baleen. 1765 01:14:31,520 --> 01:14:32,760 And that's not all. 1766 01:14:42,660 --> 01:14:45,596 Wow, there are way too many changes 1767 01:14:45,596 --> 01:14:46,720 that would have to be made. 1768 01:14:46,720 --> 01:14:49,620 Including growing several hundred times bigger. 1769 01:14:49,620 --> 01:14:51,510 Yeah, like Aunt Madge during Christmas. 1770 01:14:51,510 --> 01:14:53,180 Yeah, so we're going to have to study. 1771 01:14:53,180 --> 01:14:57,000 I mean, if we don't, this test is going to be an epic fail. 1772 01:14:57,000 --> 01:14:58,830 Hey, you know what I'm thinking. 1773 01:14:58,830 --> 01:15:01,192 That we are really living on a snowflake in Whoville. 1774 01:15:01,192 --> 01:15:02,490 No. 1775 01:15:02,490 --> 01:15:04,460 But cramming all these facts into our heads 1776 01:15:04,460 --> 01:15:07,530 makes me feel like we're some sort of contestants 1777 01:15:07,530 --> 01:15:08,632 on "Jeopardy." 1778 01:15:08,632 --> 01:15:10,298 [MUSIC PLAYING - "THEME FROM JEOPARDY"] 1779 01:15:10,990 --> 01:15:13,990 Welcome to "Evolutionary Jeopardy," 1780 01:15:13,990 --> 01:15:18,940 the game where you never know how things will turn out. 1781 01:15:18,940 --> 01:15:21,080 Jane, pick your category. 1782 01:15:21,080 --> 01:15:26,390 JANE: Hm, I'm going to go for Whale of a Tale for $500. 1783 01:15:26,390 --> 01:15:27,090 OK. 1784 01:15:27,090 --> 01:15:29,280 This category focuses on different animals 1785 01:15:29,280 --> 01:15:31,720 that supposedly evolved into modern whales. 1786 01:15:31,720 --> 01:15:33,640 From the high school biology textbook, 1787 01:15:33,640 --> 01:15:37,320 we see the first animal believed to begin evolving into whales. 1788 01:15:37,320 --> 01:15:40,480 It says, "Mesonychids are one hypothesized link 1789 01:15:40,480 --> 01:15:42,765 between modern whales and certain hoofed mammals." 1790 01:15:42,765 --> 01:15:43,370 [BUZZER] 1791 01:15:43,370 --> 01:15:45,910 Oh, what is the imagined category of animals 1792 01:15:45,910 --> 01:15:50,310 that includes sheep, camels, pigs, cows, deer, and wolves, 1793 01:15:50,310 --> 01:15:52,890 thought to be the possible ancestors of whales. 1794 01:15:52,890 --> 01:15:53,771 [BELL RINGS] 1795 01:15:54,270 --> 01:15:55,160 That is correct. 1796 01:15:55,160 --> 01:15:59,510 Wait, the entire evolutionary ancestry of whales 1797 01:15:59,510 --> 01:16:02,490 is based on an imaginary creature? 1798 01:16:02,490 --> 01:16:03,160 Yeah. 1799 01:16:03,160 --> 01:16:04,170 That's true. 1800 01:16:04,170 --> 01:16:05,160 Jane? 1801 01:16:05,160 --> 01:16:07,000 OK, um, let's see here. 1802 01:16:07,000 --> 01:16:12,102 Oh, I know, I'm going to go with Howling for the Sea for $1,000. 1803 01:16:12,102 --> 01:16:13,810 JEOPARDY HOST: Your biology textbook also 1804 01:16:13,810 --> 01:16:16,580 shows a diagram of a whale evolving. 1805 01:16:16,580 --> 01:16:18,690 It depicts the next creature in the lineup, which 1806 01:16:18,690 --> 01:16:20,847 was discovered in the 1980s. 1807 01:16:20,847 --> 01:16:22,430 They only discovered partial fragments 1808 01:16:22,430 --> 01:16:23,540 of the wolf-like skull. 1809 01:16:23,540 --> 01:16:25,640 And since they didn't have the rest of the body, 1810 01:16:25,640 --> 01:16:28,330 they imagined that it was an intermediate between a land 1811 01:16:28,330 --> 01:16:30,060 animal and a whale. 1812 01:16:30,060 --> 01:16:31,625 And textbooks included illustrations 1813 01:16:31,625 --> 01:16:34,110 of it swimming in the ocean. 1814 01:16:34,110 --> 01:16:35,660 But then more fossils were discovered 1815 01:16:35,660 --> 01:16:37,690 showing it to be nothing more than a land animal. 1816 01:16:37,690 --> 01:16:38,356 [INSECT BUZZING] 1817 01:16:38,356 --> 01:16:40,150 Yet it still appears in your textbook 1818 01:16:40,150 --> 01:16:42,250 as an ancestor of the whale. 1819 01:16:42,250 --> 01:16:43,240 [BUZZER] 1820 01:16:43,240 --> 01:16:44,810 Yes, Jane. 1821 01:16:44,810 --> 01:16:48,780 Oh, huh, there was a fly on my buzzer. 1822 01:16:48,780 --> 01:16:51,682 Sorry, that was not stated as a question. 1823 01:16:51,682 --> 01:16:52,524 [CROWD SIGHS] 1824 01:16:52,524 --> 01:16:53,370 [BUZZER] 1825 01:16:53,370 --> 01:16:53,900 John? 1826 01:16:53,900 --> 01:16:54,930 What is Pakicetus? 1827 01:16:54,930 --> 01:16:55,430 [BELL RINGS] 1828 01:16:55,430 --> 01:16:56,388 JEOPARDY HOST: Correct. 1829 01:16:56,388 --> 01:16:57,530 [CROWD CHEERS] 1830 01:16:57,530 --> 01:16:59,060 JEOPARDY HOST: Your pick, John. 1831 01:16:59,060 --> 01:16:59,984 JOHN: Same category. 1832 01:16:59,984 --> 01:17:00,650 [WHIRLING SOUND] 1833 01:17:01,880 --> 01:17:04,702 JEOPARDY HOST: It's time for the Daily Double. 1834 01:17:04,702 --> 01:17:05,664 [KNOCKING] 1835 01:17:06,630 --> 01:17:13,950 If you answer this right, John, you'll get double the amount. 1836 01:17:13,950 --> 01:17:16,810 There are only two fossils ever found of this next creature 1837 01:17:16,810 --> 01:17:18,290 on your chart. 1838 01:17:18,290 --> 01:17:20,910 In your biology textbook, it says, 1839 01:17:20,910 --> 01:17:24,250 the limb structure of this creature called "walking whale" 1840 01:17:24,250 --> 01:17:26,030 suggests that these animals could 1841 01:17:26,030 --> 01:17:29,190 both swim in shallow water and walk on land. 1842 01:17:29,190 --> 01:17:32,130 However, it appears to be nothing more than a land 1843 01:17:32,130 --> 01:17:33,010 animal. 1844 01:17:33,010 --> 01:17:36,690 In other words, it was defined as a walking whale, 1845 01:17:36,690 --> 01:17:39,470 not because it had a whale's tail or flippers or a blow 1846 01:17:39,470 --> 01:17:42,710 hole, but simply because they believed it to be. 1847 01:17:42,710 --> 01:17:46,000 In fact, they didn't even find the part of the skull that 1848 01:17:46,000 --> 01:17:47,600 would have a blow hole. 1849 01:17:47,600 --> 01:17:50,610 But they still had a blow hole in museum drawings. 1850 01:17:50,610 --> 01:17:53,410 And since it was a land animal with four legs, 1851 01:17:53,410 --> 01:17:55,230 it was then called a walking whale. 1852 01:17:55,230 --> 01:17:56,070 [BUZZER] 1853 01:17:56,070 --> 01:17:57,010 What is Ambulocetus? 1854 01:17:57,010 --> 01:17:57,520 [BELL RINGS] 1855 01:17:57,520 --> 01:18:00,040 JEOPARDY HOST: You are correct. 1856 01:18:00,040 --> 01:18:04,550 Well, that's some serious circular reasoning. 1857 01:18:04,550 --> 01:18:06,080 John. 1858 01:18:06,080 --> 01:18:08,351 JOHN: I'll go with Whale of a Tale for $3,000. 1859 01:18:08,351 --> 01:18:09,850 JEOPARDY HOST: This creature's often 1860 01:18:09,850 --> 01:18:14,130 depicted in museum and textbooks with a tail fluke. 1861 01:18:14,130 --> 01:18:18,080 However, they never found the fossil bones for their tail. 1862 01:18:18,080 --> 01:18:21,130 Also this creature was often portrayed with front flippers 1863 01:18:21,130 --> 01:18:24,570 until they found fossils to show it actually had front legs. 1864 01:18:24,570 --> 01:18:25,070 [BUZZER] 1865 01:18:25,070 --> 01:18:25,650 What is Rodhocetus? 1866 01:18:25,650 --> 01:18:26,149 [BELL RINGS] 1867 01:18:26,149 --> 01:18:27,034 Correct. 1868 01:18:27,034 --> 01:18:28,025 [HUMMING] 1869 01:18:28,525 --> 01:18:31,695 Hey, hey, this is my thought bubble. 1870 01:18:31,695 --> 01:18:34,020 Who cares? 1871 01:18:34,020 --> 01:18:34,950 [CROWD SIGHS] 1872 01:18:36,924 --> 01:18:37,840 [CROWD BOOS] 1873 01:18:38,340 --> 01:18:41,840 Moving on, this creature seems to be nothing more 1874 01:18:41,840 --> 01:18:43,930 than an extinct sea creature. 1875 01:18:43,930 --> 01:18:46,640 What appears to be left-over legs from evolution 1876 01:18:46,640 --> 01:18:48,780 actually turns out to be claspers used 1877 01:18:48,780 --> 01:18:50,160 during mating season. 1878 01:18:50,160 --> 01:18:53,050 This is true in many current species of whales. 1879 01:18:53,050 --> 01:18:54,310 [BUZZER] 1880 01:18:54,310 --> 01:18:55,370 What is Basilosaurus? 1881 01:18:55,370 --> 01:18:55,870 [BELL RINGS] 1882 01:18:55,870 --> 01:18:57,370 Yes. 1883 01:18:57,370 --> 01:18:58,370 [HUMMING] 1884 01:19:01,910 --> 01:19:03,320 Last one. 1885 01:19:03,320 --> 01:19:05,120 This creature appears to be nothing more 1886 01:19:05,120 --> 01:19:06,350 than an extinct whale. 1887 01:19:06,350 --> 01:19:07,270 [BUZZER] 1888 01:19:07,270 --> 01:19:08,500 What is Dorudon? 1889 01:19:08,500 --> 01:19:09,000 [BELL RINGS] 1890 01:19:09,000 --> 01:19:11,800 JEOPARDY HOST: Excellent. 1891 01:19:11,800 --> 01:19:14,880 And the last of the remaining names, Mysticetes 1892 01:19:14,880 --> 01:19:19,410 and Odontocetes, are just modern whales, baleen and tooth 1893 01:19:19,410 --> 01:19:22,180 whales, respectively. 1894 01:19:22,180 --> 01:19:24,194 Well, John, it looks like you've won. 1895 01:19:24,194 --> 01:19:24,694 Woo! 1896 01:19:29,614 --> 01:19:31,586 You've won our grand prize. 1897 01:19:31,586 --> 01:19:32,460 It's a-- 1898 01:19:32,460 --> 01:19:33,850 New car? 1899 01:19:33,850 --> 01:19:35,230 No, a cold hamburger. 1900 01:19:35,230 --> 01:19:35,730 Heh. 1901 01:19:35,730 --> 01:19:37,930 What, a cold hamburger? 1902 01:19:37,930 --> 01:19:41,005 A cold hamburger, John, a cold hamburger. 1903 01:19:41,005 --> 01:19:42,240 Hamburger, John. 1904 01:19:42,240 --> 01:19:45,010 John, hello? 1905 01:19:45,010 --> 01:19:48,449 John, your burger's getting cold. 1906 01:19:48,449 --> 01:19:49,740 What's up with the silverware? 1907 01:19:49,740 --> 01:19:51,654 Your perfectionism kicking in again? 1908 01:19:51,654 --> 01:19:54,480 Ha ha ha, no. 1909 01:19:54,480 --> 01:19:57,090 No, these are arranged in an evolutionary story. 1910 01:19:57,090 --> 01:20:00,640 See we start with the knife that eventually evolves 1911 01:20:00,640 --> 01:20:04,460 a round end to become a spoon. 1912 01:20:04,460 --> 01:20:07,370 And then over time, some notches form into it. 1913 01:20:07,370 --> 01:20:12,630 And it becomes a spork, and eventually, a fork. 1914 01:20:12,630 --> 01:20:16,270 I believe a spork may actually be a transitional fossil. 1915 01:20:16,270 --> 01:20:17,720 It's just not right. 1916 01:20:17,720 --> 01:20:19,760 I know what you mean. 1917 01:20:19,760 --> 01:20:20,850 You can spear a salad. 1918 01:20:20,850 --> 01:20:23,120 And soup just drizzles through. 1919 01:20:23,120 --> 01:20:25,470 Drizzles through. 1920 01:20:25,470 --> 01:20:27,360 Well, anyway, I think your problem 1921 01:20:27,360 --> 01:20:30,020 is that each of these utensils is designed 1922 01:20:30,020 --> 01:20:31,780 for a very specific purpose. 1923 01:20:31,780 --> 01:20:32,350 Exactly. 1924 01:20:32,350 --> 01:20:35,080 And just like the whale chart, each of these animals 1925 01:20:35,080 --> 01:20:39,030 were created by God to be exactly what it is. 1926 01:20:39,030 --> 01:20:43,750 And Genesis 1:21 says, "So God created great sea creatures 1927 01:20:43,750 --> 01:20:45,770 and every living thing that moves, 1928 01:20:45,770 --> 01:20:48,640 with which the waters abounded, according to their kind, 1929 01:20:48,640 --> 01:20:51,780 and every winged bird according to its kind. 1930 01:20:51,780 --> 01:20:54,940 And God saw that it was good." 1931 01:20:54,940 --> 01:20:58,090 So when you line up a theoretical ancestor, 1932 01:20:58,090 --> 01:21:00,270 a couple of extinct land animals, 1933 01:21:00,270 --> 01:21:03,000 an extinct sea creature, an extinct whale, 1934 01:21:03,000 --> 01:21:06,060 and a couple of modern whales, you can tell a pretty good 1935 01:21:06,060 --> 01:21:09,810 story about how a 100-pound wolf-like creature turned 1936 01:21:09,810 --> 01:21:12,690 into a 360,000-pound blue whale. 1937 01:21:12,690 --> 01:21:14,690 But it don't make it true. 1938 01:21:14,690 --> 01:21:18,453 Sure, kind of makes you think, doesn't it. 1939 01:21:24,840 --> 01:21:28,610 Is it just me, or is it impossible to line up animals 1940 01:21:28,610 --> 01:21:30,163 and the way they evolved? 1941 01:21:45,460 --> 01:21:46,530 What's wrong, Jane? 1942 01:21:46,530 --> 01:21:48,730 I had the weirdest experience last night. 1943 01:21:48,730 --> 01:21:50,400 Was your dog wearing lipstick again? 1944 01:21:50,400 --> 01:21:51,970 Yes, but that's not the point. 1945 01:21:51,970 --> 01:21:53,510 I went to my friend Carrie's house. 1946 01:21:53,510 --> 01:21:55,180 JOHN: Oh, that is weird. 1947 01:21:55,180 --> 01:21:56,530 No, see, that's not the part. 1948 01:21:56,530 --> 01:21:58,630 It's that she's living in my house. 1949 01:21:58,630 --> 01:21:59,500 Does your mom know? 1950 01:21:59,500 --> 01:22:02,000 No, I mean her house looks just like mine. 1951 01:22:02,000 --> 01:22:03,250 Our doors are alike. 1952 01:22:03,250 --> 01:22:07,330 Maybe it's a parallel universe and Carrie's your alternate? 1953 01:22:07,330 --> 01:22:07,990 Maybe. 1954 01:22:07,990 --> 01:22:09,250 And you know what, I went inside and I 1955 01:22:09,250 --> 01:22:10,370 went into the living room. 1956 01:22:10,370 --> 01:22:13,030 And it's the exact same shape and size as mine. 1957 01:22:13,030 --> 01:22:14,890 Even the stairs are in the exact same place. 1958 01:22:14,890 --> 01:22:17,474 And the stairs were going up in exactly the same way. 1959 01:22:17,474 --> 01:22:19,140 At the top was a hallway, and there were 1960 01:22:19,140 --> 01:22:20,910 two bedrooms straight ahead. 1961 01:22:20,910 --> 01:22:22,050 You didn't go in, did you? 1962 01:22:22,050 --> 01:22:23,020 Yes. 1963 01:22:23,020 --> 01:22:25,650 And Carrie's room was to the right with her bed 1964 01:22:25,650 --> 01:22:27,000 under the exact same window. 1965 01:22:27,000 --> 01:22:29,630 And let me guess, on top of the bed was a bear. 1966 01:22:29,630 --> 01:22:32,140 It was such a freaky experience. 1967 01:22:32,140 --> 01:22:35,034 Jane, it's because you live in tract housing. 1968 01:22:35,034 --> 01:22:35,839 Heh? 1969 01:22:35,839 --> 01:22:37,380 They only make a few different house 1970 01:22:37,380 --> 01:22:38,890 plans that they repeat throughout 1971 01:22:38,890 --> 01:22:41,080 the whole neighborhood. 1972 01:22:41,080 --> 01:22:44,010 OK, I never knew that. 1973 01:22:44,010 --> 01:22:46,230 Yeah, it reminds me of homologous structures. 1974 01:22:46,230 --> 01:22:48,540 Of course, me, too. 1975 01:22:48,540 --> 01:22:50,480 What are you talking about? 1976 01:22:50,480 --> 01:22:53,190 Sorry, I was just studying it in our textbook. 1977 01:22:53,190 --> 01:22:55,940 So what's the term "homo" mean? 1978 01:22:55,940 --> 01:22:57,930 JANE: "Homo" is Greek for "same." 1979 01:22:57,930 --> 01:22:58,430 JOHN: Right. 1980 01:22:58,430 --> 01:23:01,820 And "logous" means "relation," so homologous 1981 01:23:01,820 --> 01:23:03,460 means having the same relation. 1982 01:23:03,460 --> 01:23:05,030 JANE: And that was in our textbook? 1983 01:23:05,030 --> 01:23:09,915 Yeah, no, it says right here in the biology book-- gracias. 1984 01:23:09,915 --> 01:23:10,570 De nada. 1985 01:23:13,220 --> 01:23:14,540 Here. 1986 01:23:14,540 --> 01:23:16,380 "Homologous structures are structures 1987 01:23:16,380 --> 01:23:18,160 that share a common ancestry. 1988 01:23:18,160 --> 01:23:20,990 That is, a similar structure in two organisms 1989 01:23:20,990 --> 01:23:24,252 can be found in the common ancestor of the organisms." 1990 01:23:24,252 --> 01:23:27,920 Heh heh, I'm not sure I got all that. 1991 01:23:27,920 --> 01:23:29,830 Which part? 1992 01:23:29,830 --> 01:23:32,390 Well, all of it. 1993 01:23:32,390 --> 01:23:34,210 OK, look at the diagram. 1994 01:23:34,210 --> 01:23:37,600 JANE: So they say that penguin, alligator, bat, and human all 1995 01:23:37,600 --> 01:23:40,160 evolved from a common vertebrate ancestor 1996 01:23:40,160 --> 01:23:43,480 because they have similar bones in their forelimbs. 1997 01:23:43,480 --> 01:23:44,960 That's quite a family. 1998 01:23:44,960 --> 01:23:47,780 So imagine the job evolutionists have. 1999 01:23:47,780 --> 01:23:49,660 They must take the entire animal kingdom 2000 01:23:49,660 --> 01:23:52,490 and try to determine which creatures evolved from others. 2001 01:23:52,490 --> 01:23:55,290 OK, so they look for these homologous structures 2002 01:23:55,290 --> 01:23:57,720 to show an evolutionary relationship. 2003 01:23:57,720 --> 01:23:58,600 You got it. 2004 01:23:58,600 --> 01:24:01,290 And they would look convincing, but look at the definition 2005 01:24:01,290 --> 01:24:03,119 of homologous. 2006 01:24:03,119 --> 01:24:04,910 JANE: "Homologous structures are structures 2007 01:24:04,910 --> 01:24:07,180 that share a common ancestry." 2008 01:24:07,180 --> 01:24:09,950 Sometimes we see structures with similar functions 2009 01:24:09,950 --> 01:24:11,440 in creatures that don't come from 2010 01:24:11,440 --> 01:24:13,370 a supposed common ancestor. 2011 01:24:13,370 --> 01:24:14,460 Got an example? 2012 01:24:14,460 --> 01:24:16,840 I do, a human and a squid eye. 2013 01:24:16,840 --> 01:24:17,920 JANE: What? 2014 01:24:17,920 --> 01:24:20,600 JOHN: Both humans and squid have a lens that projects 2015 01:24:20,600 --> 01:24:22,040 an image onto a retina. 2016 01:24:22,040 --> 01:24:24,200 The problem is that evolutionary theory 2017 01:24:24,200 --> 01:24:26,785 holds that the closest ancestor to both 2018 01:24:26,785 --> 01:24:30,800 didn't have eyes, but only a patch of light-sensitive skin 2019 01:24:30,800 --> 01:24:31,350 cells. 2020 01:24:31,350 --> 01:24:33,700 That means that a very similar eye 2021 01:24:33,700 --> 01:24:37,450 had to evolve twice, completely independent from each other. 2022 01:24:37,450 --> 01:24:39,676 They call this convergent evolution 2023 01:24:39,676 --> 01:24:41,050 and believe that the same process 2024 01:24:41,050 --> 01:24:43,930 of random mutations happening over millions of years 2025 01:24:43,930 --> 01:24:46,020 built similar structures. 2026 01:24:46,020 --> 01:24:47,180 JANE: No way. 2027 01:24:47,180 --> 01:24:49,770 An eye's so amazing, it seems impossible 2028 01:24:49,770 --> 01:24:52,100 that it could have evolved in the first place. 2029 01:24:52,100 --> 01:24:54,460 But now they believe it happened twice? 2030 01:24:54,460 --> 01:24:57,780 JOHN: Yep, that would be impossible times two. 2031 01:24:57,780 --> 01:25:00,710 Are there other examples of similar-looking organs that 2032 01:25:00,710 --> 01:25:02,600 don't fit evolutionary trees? 2033 01:25:02,600 --> 01:25:04,250 Oh, yeah, lots. 2034 01:25:04,250 --> 01:25:07,240 Think about flight, man with all his intelligence 2035 01:25:07,240 --> 01:25:10,070 just figured out how to fly less than 200 years ago. 2036 01:25:10,070 --> 01:25:13,500 But flight supposedly evolved at least four different times, 2037 01:25:13,500 --> 01:25:18,000 birds, insects, mammals, like bats, and reptilian flight, 2038 01:25:18,000 --> 01:25:19,440 like pterodactyls. 2039 01:25:19,440 --> 01:25:22,510 Now that makes it four times impossible. 2040 01:25:22,510 --> 01:25:24,780 So going back to the human and squid eye, 2041 01:25:24,780 --> 01:25:27,060 would they be called a homologous structure 2042 01:25:27,060 --> 01:25:28,660 since they look similar? 2043 01:25:28,660 --> 01:25:29,390 JOHN: Nope. 2044 01:25:29,390 --> 01:25:30,960 When similar structures are found 2045 01:25:30,960 --> 01:25:34,230 on creatures that aren't considered closely related, 2046 01:25:34,230 --> 01:25:36,490 they are called convergent. 2047 01:25:36,490 --> 01:25:39,410 So they evolved completely independent from each other? 2048 01:25:39,410 --> 01:25:40,240 Yeah. 2049 01:25:40,240 --> 01:25:43,070 Evolution supposedly built the same basic organ 2050 01:25:43,070 --> 01:25:44,690 more than one time. 2051 01:25:44,690 --> 01:25:47,300 But it sounds more like a rescuing device, you know, 2052 01:25:47,300 --> 01:25:50,444 like a make-believe story than a scientific concept. 2053 01:25:50,444 --> 01:25:51,860 So how do you know the difference 2054 01:25:51,860 --> 01:25:55,010 between when similar structures are homologous 2055 01:25:55,010 --> 01:25:57,240 and when they're analogous? 2056 01:25:57,240 --> 01:25:58,850 I'm not sure. 2057 01:25:58,850 --> 01:26:02,260 Um, it says here, "Homologous structures 2058 01:26:02,260 --> 01:26:06,050 are structures that share a common ancestry." 2059 01:26:06,050 --> 01:26:08,210 But how can anyone be sure that structures actually 2060 01:26:08,210 --> 01:26:10,180 shared a common ancestry? 2061 01:26:10,180 --> 01:26:12,130 When similarities fit evolution, there 2062 01:26:12,130 --> 01:26:14,400 are homologous structures. 2063 01:26:14,400 --> 01:26:16,840 But when they don't fit, they claim the structure 2064 01:26:16,840 --> 01:26:18,290 evolved more than once? 2065 01:26:18,290 --> 01:26:20,970 Wow, that's circular reasoning. 2066 01:26:20,970 --> 01:26:22,100 JOHN: How so? 2067 01:26:22,100 --> 01:26:24,660 JANE: The evolutionary theory decides what is homologous. 2068 01:26:24,660 --> 01:26:28,160 And then they say homologous structures prove evolution. 2069 01:26:28,160 --> 01:26:30,710 Hey, that's right. 2070 01:26:30,710 --> 01:26:31,740 That's really messed up. 2071 01:26:31,740 --> 01:26:34,960 So how do creationists explain similar structures? 2072 01:26:34,960 --> 01:26:37,950 Simple, they share the same master designer, God. 2073 01:26:37,950 --> 01:26:41,240 God built similarly-designed features into his creatures, 2074 01:26:41,240 --> 01:26:43,570 making sure each feature was precisely tailored 2075 01:26:43,570 --> 01:26:45,350 to fit that creature's systems. 2076 01:26:45,350 --> 01:26:47,190 It's like airplanes, skateboards, cars, 2077 01:26:47,190 --> 01:26:48,140 and motorcycles. 2078 01:26:48,140 --> 01:26:50,814 They all need wheels and tires, but designers 2079 01:26:50,814 --> 01:26:52,980 made them different to tailor them to each vehicle's 2080 01:26:52,980 --> 01:26:54,576 unique specifications. 2081 01:26:54,576 --> 01:26:56,450 It's also like the similarities between yours 2082 01:26:56,450 --> 01:26:57,630 and Carrie's house. 2083 01:26:57,630 --> 01:27:00,590 They were designed by the same architect for the same purpose. 2084 01:27:00,590 --> 01:27:03,830 That sounds like Nehemiah, chapter 9, verse 6. 2085 01:27:03,830 --> 01:27:05,960 "You alone are the Lord; You have 2086 01:27:05,960 --> 01:27:10,000 made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their hosts, 2087 01:27:10,000 --> 01:27:12,320 the earth and everything on it, the seas and all 2088 01:27:12,320 --> 01:27:14,900 that is in them, and you preserve them all. 2089 01:27:14,900 --> 01:27:18,140 The host of heaven worships You." 2090 01:27:18,140 --> 01:27:19,950 So similar structures point back 2091 01:27:19,950 --> 01:27:22,000 to a creative and intelligent God, 2092 01:27:22,000 --> 01:27:24,710 not to the circular reasoning or random coincidences 2093 01:27:24,710 --> 01:27:26,705 of evolution. 2094 01:27:26,705 --> 01:27:29,120 JANE: Kind of makes you think, doesn't it. 2095 01:27:35,490 --> 01:27:38,230 Is it just me, or is the explanation 2096 01:27:38,230 --> 01:27:42,243 for mass extinctions kind of missing the explanation part? 2097 01:27:55,680 --> 01:27:56,765 Hey, John. 2098 01:27:56,765 --> 01:27:58,070 Hm. 2099 01:27:58,070 --> 01:27:59,420 What you doing? 2100 01:27:59,420 --> 01:28:02,280 Oh, I'm just looking at this picture of a dodo bird. 2101 01:28:02,280 --> 01:28:04,130 They're totally awesome. 2102 01:28:04,130 --> 01:28:05,180 OK. 2103 01:28:05,180 --> 01:28:06,395 That's random. 2104 01:28:06,395 --> 01:28:08,600 You know they're extinct, right. 2105 01:28:08,600 --> 01:28:10,790 Yes, I know they're extinct. 2106 01:28:10,790 --> 01:28:12,670 Just they get so little respect. 2107 01:28:12,670 --> 01:28:15,350 Are you defending them? 2108 01:28:15,350 --> 01:28:15,925 Maybe. 2109 01:28:15,925 --> 01:28:18,300 I'm just tired of everybody beating up on the little guy. 2110 01:28:18,300 --> 01:28:19,830 What do you mean? 2111 01:28:19,830 --> 01:28:20,890 Well, they went extinct. 2112 01:28:20,890 --> 01:28:22,080 And now everyone just wants to make 2113 01:28:22,080 --> 01:28:23,470 fun of how stupid they were. 2114 01:28:23,470 --> 01:28:25,428 You're going to start a fan club or something? 2115 01:28:28,349 --> 01:28:30,126 I already have. 2116 01:28:30,126 --> 01:28:31,910 I shouldn't have asked. 2117 01:28:31,910 --> 01:28:35,300 Soon, I'll have caps, pens, paper weights, 2118 01:28:35,300 --> 01:28:38,290 all sorts of official name-brand dodo products. 2119 01:28:38,290 --> 01:28:39,770 It's going to be big. 2120 01:28:39,770 --> 01:28:41,530 Right. 2121 01:28:41,530 --> 01:28:43,690 Somehow I feel that this is all going 2122 01:28:43,690 --> 01:28:45,291 to go the way of the dodo bird. 2123 01:28:45,291 --> 01:28:46,790 Do you see what you just did there? 2124 01:28:46,790 --> 01:28:50,240 You instantly connected failure to the dodo bird. 2125 01:28:50,240 --> 01:28:51,360 OK, sorry. 2126 01:28:51,360 --> 01:28:54,160 I just didn't realize this was such a passion of yours. 2127 01:28:54,160 --> 01:28:56,530 Nah, it-- well, honestly, it just 2128 01:28:56,530 --> 01:28:58,080 got me thinking about extinction. 2129 01:28:58,080 --> 01:29:00,080 You know, I already started reading about that. 2130 01:29:00,080 --> 01:29:03,460 Many evolutionists believe there are probably 2131 01:29:03,460 --> 01:29:07,990 five different massive extinctions in Earth's history. 2132 01:29:07,990 --> 01:29:09,600 You can see them right here. 2133 01:29:09,600 --> 01:29:11,470 They date these extinctions by where 2134 01:29:11,470 --> 01:29:15,050 they believe they see them in the geologic column. 2135 01:29:15,050 --> 01:29:18,380 So the most famous one is the huge asteroid, right. 2136 01:29:18,380 --> 01:29:20,370 JANE: Yeah, right here it says, "evidence 2137 01:29:20,370 --> 01:29:22,990 shows that at the end of the Cretaceous Period, 2138 01:29:22,990 --> 01:29:25,910 a huge asteroid crashed into Earth." 2139 01:29:25,910 --> 01:29:29,070 And then, "about that same time, dinosaurs 2140 01:29:29,070 --> 01:29:32,660 and many other species went extinct." 2141 01:29:32,660 --> 01:29:33,680 About that time? 2142 01:29:33,680 --> 01:29:36,190 Uh, well, this theory's had some problems. 2143 01:29:36,190 --> 01:29:39,360 First, some scientists dated the dinosaur extinction 2144 01:29:39,360 --> 01:29:42,750 300,000 years after they say the asteroid hit. 2145 01:29:42,750 --> 01:29:44,620 Huh, little delayed action there. 2146 01:29:44,620 --> 01:29:46,800 Another study suggested that the asteroid 2147 01:29:46,800 --> 01:29:49,960 was too wimpy to cause the mass extinction. 2148 01:29:49,960 --> 01:29:52,470 Another team claims that they found dinosaur fossils that 2149 01:29:52,470 --> 01:29:53,810 lived past the impact. 2150 01:29:53,810 --> 01:29:56,300 So it's far from settled. 2151 01:29:56,300 --> 01:29:59,070 Is the same thing true for other mass extinctions? 2152 01:29:59,070 --> 01:30:02,480 Right here, it says, "Until recently researchers 2153 01:30:02,480 --> 01:30:05,720 looked for a single cause for each mass extinction." 2154 01:30:05,720 --> 01:30:07,580 Then it continues. 2155 01:30:07,580 --> 01:30:10,600 "Many mass extinctions, however, were probably 2156 01:30:10,600 --> 01:30:13,810 caused by several factors, working in combination: 2157 01:30:13,810 --> 01:30:16,440 volcanic eruptions, moving continents, 2158 01:30:16,440 --> 01:30:17,950 and changing sea levels." 2159 01:30:17,950 --> 01:30:20,440 You mean, they only have several different ideas 2160 01:30:20,440 --> 01:30:22,500 about what caused mass extinctions? 2161 01:30:22,500 --> 01:30:23,280 Right. 2162 01:30:23,280 --> 01:30:25,210 But they've just listed everything 2163 01:30:25,210 --> 01:30:27,860 that will be taking place during the worldwide flood. 2164 01:30:27,860 --> 01:30:29,750 Wow, you're right. 2165 01:30:29,750 --> 01:30:32,010 You know Genesis 7:23 says, "So He 2166 01:30:32,010 --> 01:30:33,770 destroyed all living things which 2167 01:30:33,770 --> 01:30:36,800 were on the face of the ground: both man and cattle, 2168 01:30:36,800 --> 01:30:39,360 creeping thing bird of the air. 2169 01:30:39,360 --> 01:30:40,850 They were destroyed from the earth. 2170 01:30:40,850 --> 01:30:43,120 Only Noah and those who were with him in the ark 2171 01:30:43,120 --> 01:30:45,100 remained alive." 2172 01:30:45,100 --> 01:30:48,390 This fits perfectly with all the massive fossil graveyards 2173 01:30:48,390 --> 01:30:50,140 we find all around the world. 2174 01:30:50,140 --> 01:30:52,775 For example, at the Lance Great formation in Wyoming, 2175 01:30:52,775 --> 01:30:55,850 we found lots of species of dinosaurs, 2176 01:30:55,850 --> 01:30:59,410 mixed with birds, fish, crocodiles, lizards, snakes, 2177 01:30:59,410 --> 01:31:02,185 turtles, frogs, salamanders, and small mammals, 2178 01:31:02,185 --> 01:31:05,080 all laid down by water catastrophe 2179 01:31:05,080 --> 01:31:07,040 in sedimentary layers. 2180 01:31:07,040 --> 01:31:09,540 You know, I've heard that almost every dinosaur graveyard 2181 01:31:09,540 --> 01:31:13,450 in the world shows fossils deposited by or in watery mud 2182 01:31:13,450 --> 01:31:14,420 or sand. 2183 01:31:14,420 --> 01:31:16,930 And even more incredible, many dinosaur fossils 2184 01:31:16,930 --> 01:31:18,540 are found in a classic death pose, 2185 01:31:18,540 --> 01:31:20,150 with their necks arched back. 2186 01:31:20,150 --> 01:31:21,790 Exactly. 2187 01:31:21,790 --> 01:31:24,630 So if you take their geologic column 2188 01:31:24,630 --> 01:31:29,430 and squeeze it down into one event, the worldwide flood. 2189 01:31:29,430 --> 01:31:31,440 That does better explain what we see. 2190 01:31:31,440 --> 01:31:34,900 Right, and there's a lot of volcanic material mixed 2191 01:31:34,900 --> 01:31:36,210 into these layers. 2192 01:31:36,210 --> 01:31:39,670 Vast amounts of molten material entered the ocean. 2193 01:31:39,670 --> 01:31:42,410 That's what makes up sea floors around the world. 2194 01:31:42,410 --> 01:31:44,470 And that relates to the Ice Age. 2195 01:31:44,470 --> 01:31:47,550 Storm-tracking models show that warm oceans 2196 01:31:47,550 --> 01:31:50,920 would cause severe storms and lead to massive snowfall. 2197 01:31:50,920 --> 01:31:55,320 JOHN: Wait, you're saying hotter oceans make colder continents? 2198 01:31:55,320 --> 01:31:56,780 Sounds weird. 2199 01:31:56,780 --> 01:31:58,630 Weird, but true. 2200 01:31:58,630 --> 01:32:01,700 Today's snowstorms began as ocean water. 2201 01:32:01,700 --> 01:32:03,980 Hotter water increases evaporation. 2202 01:32:03,980 --> 01:32:07,440 Plus volcanic dust and debris would have blocked out the sun 2203 01:32:07,440 --> 01:32:08,660 during the summer. 2204 01:32:08,660 --> 01:32:11,540 So the fallen snow would not have melted. 2205 01:32:11,540 --> 01:32:13,434 Now that makes sense. 2206 01:32:13,434 --> 01:32:15,600 And I can see how the flood connects to the Ice Age. 2207 01:32:15,600 --> 01:32:18,110 But why do you think volcanoes were part of the flood? 2208 01:32:18,110 --> 01:32:20,990 It was just 40 days of rain, right. 2209 01:32:20,990 --> 01:32:23,700 JANE: The rain didn't begin until after the fountains 2210 01:32:23,700 --> 01:32:28,030 of the great deep burst forth, according to Genesis 7:11, 2211 01:32:28,030 --> 01:32:31,330 meaning that molten material plus water came up 2212 01:32:31,330 --> 01:32:32,970 through Earth's crust. 2213 01:32:32,970 --> 01:32:35,200 Most of what comes out of today's volcano 2214 01:32:35,200 --> 01:32:37,590 is still water as steam. 2215 01:32:37,590 --> 01:32:39,640 OK, so that explains one Ice Age. 2216 01:32:39,640 --> 01:32:41,280 Weren't there like four or five? 2217 01:32:41,280 --> 01:32:45,010 Well, evolutionists don't have a satisfactory explanation 2218 01:32:45,010 --> 01:32:48,590 for one Ice Age, let alone four or five. 2219 01:32:48,590 --> 01:32:50,720 But the Flood gives enough calamity 2220 01:32:50,720 --> 01:32:53,990 in a short amount of time to actually make an Ice Age. 2221 01:32:53,990 --> 01:32:56,620 There was only one that happened a few hundred 2222 01:32:56,620 --> 01:32:58,630 years after the Flood. 2223 01:32:58,630 --> 01:33:00,780 Which would explain many of the Ice Age fossils 2224 01:33:00,780 --> 01:33:03,290 we find near the surface of the earth, not deep down 2225 01:33:03,290 --> 01:33:04,330 in the flood layers. 2226 01:33:04,330 --> 01:33:05,587 JANE: Like saber-tooth cats. 2227 01:33:05,587 --> 01:33:06,670 JOHN: And woolly mammoths. 2228 01:33:06,670 --> 01:33:07,820 And Hyracotherium. 2229 01:33:07,820 --> 01:33:09,140 Impressive. 2230 01:33:09,140 --> 01:33:10,440 Thank you. 2231 01:33:10,440 --> 01:33:13,640 Also the Book of Job was written just about that time 2232 01:33:13,640 --> 01:33:17,310 and mentioned snow, ice, and cold more than any other book 2233 01:33:17,310 --> 01:33:18,590 in the Bible. 2234 01:33:18,590 --> 01:33:21,200 So when scientists try to stretch 2235 01:33:21,200 --> 01:33:23,580 five extinctions and five different Ice Ages 2236 01:33:23,580 --> 01:33:26,196 over the evolutionary view of the geologic column, 2237 01:33:26,196 --> 01:33:27,570 they're not sure how they happen. 2238 01:33:27,570 --> 01:33:30,050 But when you compress the geologic column down 2239 01:33:30,050 --> 01:33:31,830 into a Biblical time frame, it's all 2240 01:33:31,830 --> 01:33:34,220 explained by a worldwide flood followed by an Ice Age. 2241 01:33:34,220 --> 01:33:37,719 Yep, kind of makes you think, doesn't it? 2242 01:33:48,480 --> 01:33:50,280 I am evolution. 2243 01:33:50,280 --> 01:33:52,100 I am random chance accidents that 2244 01:33:52,100 --> 01:33:54,900 bring us purposeless nothing, which 2245 01:33:54,900 --> 01:33:58,400 somehow leads to everything. 2246 01:33:58,400 --> 01:33:59,660 I am creation. 2247 01:33:59,660 --> 01:34:01,610 I show order and completion. 2248 01:34:01,610 --> 01:34:05,390 I point to the eternal One who has created this masterfully 2249 01:34:05,390 --> 01:34:06,662 designed universe. 2250 01:34:06,662 --> 01:34:10,560 Eh, I had to break a few scientific laws to get here. 2251 01:34:10,560 --> 01:34:13,700 The law of conservation of mass energy which says, 2252 01:34:13,700 --> 01:34:18,000 new matter of energy can never be created nor destroyed; 2253 01:34:18,000 --> 01:34:21,680 the law of causality, which says that every effect must 2254 01:34:21,680 --> 01:34:24,300 have an equal or greater cause. 2255 01:34:24,300 --> 01:34:28,520 Yet I ask you to believe that everything came from nothing, 2256 01:34:28,520 --> 01:34:30,960 not to mention the law of biogenesis, 2257 01:34:30,960 --> 01:34:33,890 which says that life always comes from life. 2258 01:34:33,890 --> 01:34:38,180 Yet I teach that life came from non-living matter. 2259 01:34:38,180 --> 01:34:40,510 I never go against the scientific laws 2260 01:34:40,510 --> 01:34:41,990 because I am created by the One who 2261 01:34:41,990 --> 01:34:44,260 made the energy, the great cause that 2262 01:34:44,260 --> 01:34:46,350 made all the effects, the living God who 2263 01:34:46,350 --> 01:34:50,670 created life, matter, the laws of nature, and all things. 2264 01:34:50,670 --> 01:34:53,650 I am marked by an invisible past. 2265 01:34:53,650 --> 01:34:57,307 Fossils show none of my expected in-between forms. 2266 01:34:57,307 --> 01:34:58,890 I am witnessed in the book that tells 2267 01:34:58,890 --> 01:35:00,800 how I came about, the Bible. 2268 01:35:00,800 --> 01:35:04,520 I am talked about in almost every science textbook. 2269 01:35:04,520 --> 01:35:07,050 Their information often changes and disagrees, 2270 01:35:07,050 --> 01:35:11,600 but it's all the truth, at least for today. 2271 01:35:11,600 --> 01:35:14,160 My book has stood the test of time. 2272 01:35:14,160 --> 01:35:18,150 Like the God that revealed it, my truth never changes. 2273 01:35:18,150 --> 01:35:20,610 I am clever storytelling. 2274 01:35:20,610 --> 01:35:22,950 If what you see doesn't fit with what I'm saying, 2275 01:35:22,950 --> 01:35:24,680 well, we'll make it fit. 2276 01:35:24,680 --> 01:35:26,960 I only need a small amount of evidence 2277 01:35:26,960 --> 01:35:31,090 to be considered true because everyone wants to believe me. 2278 01:35:31,090 --> 01:35:33,810 I am the search for truth, the narrow path. 2279 01:35:33,810 --> 01:35:35,490 Even when you're given amazing evidence 2280 01:35:35,490 --> 01:35:37,290 I was made by the creator of all, 2281 01:35:37,290 --> 01:35:38,700 most will not acknowledge me. 2282 01:35:38,700 --> 01:35:40,440 You'll be popular if you believe 2283 01:35:40,440 --> 01:35:45,720 in me, even if I'm wrong, which of course, I'll cleverly cover. 2284 01:35:45,720 --> 01:35:48,400 You will be ridiculed if you believe in Jesus, the creator. 2285 01:35:48,400 --> 01:35:51,950 But in Him, there is hope and purpose. 2286 01:35:51,950 --> 01:35:53,810 I am a fingerprint of the eternal God, 2287 01:35:53,810 --> 01:35:56,200 and you are a reflection of His image. 2288 01:35:56,200 --> 01:35:57,190 I am freedom. 2289 01:35:57,190 --> 01:36:00,670 I free you from having to be responsible to anyone 2290 01:36:00,670 --> 01:36:02,380 but yourself. 2291 01:36:02,380 --> 01:36:03,940 Freedom to die. 2292 01:36:03,940 --> 01:36:06,960 I point to the One who gives freedom to live, 2293 01:36:06,960 --> 01:36:10,150 freedom to be loved by the One who knows you inside and out 2294 01:36:10,150 --> 01:36:11,300 forever. 2295 01:36:11,300 --> 01:36:15,010 I reflect a society that declares we don't need God. 2296 01:36:15,010 --> 01:36:18,320 We are our own gods, if you must use that word. 2297 01:36:18,320 --> 01:36:20,030 I reflect the designer of everything 2298 01:36:20,030 --> 01:36:23,510 from this vast universe to the smallest particle. 2299 01:36:23,510 --> 01:36:25,380 His ways are far beyond our ways. 2300 01:36:25,380 --> 01:36:28,070 He doesn't need us, but yet He calls. 2301 01:36:28,070 --> 01:36:28,890 Will you hear? 2302 01:36:28,890 --> 01:36:32,580 I am heard from the loudest voices, rock stars, movie 2303 01:36:32,580 --> 01:36:35,560 stars, even many of your teachers, 2304 01:36:35,560 --> 01:36:37,940 even powerful religious leaders. 2305 01:36:37,940 --> 01:36:40,010 I am the still small voice calling 2306 01:36:40,010 --> 01:36:43,170 you to follow the Creator and submit to Him as a savior. 2307 01:36:43,170 --> 01:36:46,240 I call a fantasy glob of tissue a choice. 2308 01:36:46,240 --> 01:36:48,210 I call it a masterpiece of the Creator 2309 01:36:48,210 --> 01:36:51,660 from the very first cell with a lifetime of choices to make. 2310 01:36:51,660 --> 01:36:54,080 I am millions of years of death. 2311 01:36:54,080 --> 01:36:55,110 Death? 2312 01:36:55,110 --> 01:36:58,370 Yes, all the death through natural selection 2313 01:36:58,370 --> 01:36:59,500 brought about life. 2314 01:36:59,500 --> 01:37:03,390 Millions of years of death to get here, death is my champion. 2315 01:37:03,390 --> 01:37:06,110 And time and chance are his allies. 2316 01:37:06,110 --> 01:37:10,620 Yes, I, the creation, groan in pain because of sin and death. 2317 01:37:10,620 --> 01:37:13,270 But death was the payment for the wrongs we commit, 2318 01:37:13,270 --> 01:37:15,110 not a way to advance the world. 2319 01:37:15,110 --> 01:37:18,630 Yet within Me is also evidence of new life. 2320 01:37:18,630 --> 01:37:20,540 The way I am sustained, the miracle 2321 01:37:20,540 --> 01:37:23,590 of a tree growing from a tiny seed, all 2322 01:37:23,590 --> 01:37:25,970 point to my creator, Jesus Christ, 2323 01:37:25,970 --> 01:37:28,140 the One who stretched out the universe 2324 01:37:28,140 --> 01:37:30,980 and allowed His human hands to be stretched out and nailed 2325 01:37:30,980 --> 01:37:35,820 to a cross to pay off that death sentence for me and for you. 2326 01:37:35,820 --> 01:37:38,480 It's free for anyone willing to admit their wrongs 2327 01:37:38,480 --> 01:37:41,740 and believe that He died and rose again. 2328 01:37:41,740 --> 01:37:44,390 Amazing life, eternal life. 2329 01:37:44,390 --> 01:37:47,490 Believe in me and you can have your own way today and die 2330 01:37:47,490 --> 01:37:50,120 tomorrow, and I will be served. 2331 01:37:50,120 --> 01:37:52,710 For when you die, there will have been no reason 2332 01:37:52,710 --> 01:37:54,490 for your random existence. 2333 01:37:54,490 --> 01:37:57,460 Believe in God and you will find ultimate purpose, 2334 01:37:57,460 --> 01:38:00,140 the plan He had for you since the very foundation 2335 01:38:00,140 --> 01:38:02,230 of the Earth because He loves you. 2336 01:38:02,230 --> 01:38:03,390 Stop! 2337 01:38:03,390 --> 01:38:05,980 Choose me, just accept it, nod your head, 2338 01:38:05,980 --> 01:38:07,630 agree, and we'll move on. 2339 01:38:07,630 --> 01:38:10,230 Oh, man, I've claimed the lives of so many. 2340 01:38:10,230 --> 01:38:12,250 Today, you believe in me a little. 2341 01:38:12,250 --> 01:38:16,720 Tomorrow, you believe in your myth a little less. 2342 01:38:16,720 --> 01:38:20,650 No, think, don't just believe because everybody else does. 2343 01:38:20,650 --> 01:38:24,270 Because if you look, really look at me and the words 2344 01:38:24,270 --> 01:38:26,300 He revealed, you'll see Him. 2345 01:38:26,300 --> 01:38:30,280 Find Him and you will find life, eternal life. 2346 01:38:30,280 --> 01:38:32,010 It's your choice. 2347 01:38:32,010 --> 01:38:35,120 I call heaven and Earth to record this day against you, 2348 01:38:35,120 --> 01:38:36,700 that I have set before you. 2349 01:38:36,700 --> 01:38:37,440 Life. 2350 01:38:37,440 --> 01:38:38,330 And death. 2351 01:38:38,330 --> 01:38:38,940 Blessing. 2352 01:38:38,940 --> 01:38:39,720 And cursing. 2353 01:38:39,720 --> 01:38:43,458 Therefore, choose life that both you and your descendants 2354 01:38:43,458 --> 01:38:44,454 may live. 2355 01:38:50,170 --> 01:38:54,400 I hope, I really hope it makes you think. 2356 01:38:59,200 --> 01:39:01,350 [THEME MUSIC]