Revision of IPv4 Basics from Tue, 05/15/2018 - 02:40
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This guide attempts to introduce IPv4 basics, such as IP addresses and Subnet masks.
A "Host"
In computer network theory, a host can be simply defined as a networked device that has an IP Address assigned to it. This could be a desktop, server, phone or router or anything else.
IP Address
This is essentially an ID number assigned to a host. All IPv4 addresses are split into 4 sections called "octets". Each octet contains 8 bits, this means each octet can range from 0 - 255. Much like how a physical address works the IP address intends to make it easy for packets to find you.
192.168.1.1 is an example of what one could look like.
Network and Host portion
IP addresses are split into two different parts
Subnet Mask
A subnet mask is what is used to sub-divide different networks. When we convert to binary a subnet mask will appear as a string of 1's followed by 0's.
In this example we see the binary conversion on top and the numeral version on bottom :
11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
255 .255 .255 .240
The 1's represent the network portion, the part that defines the network. The 0's represent the number of available hosts. The larger the network portion (the more 1's) the less host devices will have room on the network.
When we place an IP address converted to binary
