Global Value Chains and the Missing Exports of the United States

2 réponses [Dernière contribution]
Jodiendo
Hors ligne
A rejoint: 01/09/2013

If trade statistics included the value of intellectual property rights associated with physical goods, the United States would see an increase in export capacity and a decrease in the trade deficit.

More and more American multinational corporations are outsourcing the production and assembly of their products to foreign companies. When they do so, they derive the largest share of their revenue from the intellectual property embedded in core technological innovation and brand names. However, conventional trade statistics are compiled based on the value of goods crossing national borders, as declared to customs. Generally, the added value associated with intellectual property rights and embedded in physical goods is not recorded as either export or import of any country. Hence, current trade statistics greatly underestimate United States (US) exports and substantially exaggerate its trade deficit. In this paper, we use the case of Apple, the largest American consumer products company, to illustrate the failure of conventional trade statistics to report actual US export capacity in the age of global value chains. According to our analysis of this case, if the value added of Apple intellectual property sold to foreign consumers was counted as part of US exports, total US exports would increase by 3.2%, and its trade deficit would decrease by 6.4%. In terms of bilateral trade, the value added under examination here would lower the US trade deficit with the region comprising the People’s Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; Taipei,China; and Macau, China by 5.7%, and that with Japan by 7.8%.

https://www.adb.org/publications/global-value-chains-and-missing-exports-united-states

SuperTramp83

I am a translator!

Hors ligne
A rejoint: 10/31/2014

mv thread /lounge

ADFENO
Hors ligne
A rejoint: 12/31/2012

This "almost invisble" value associated with things that come from
people's knowledge and information is indeed a new thing that most
financial statistics tend to miss.

There's a term called "intellectual capital" that is used to describe
the discrepancy found when subtracting "tangible asset values" from the
"business' value in the market". Personally speaking, I tend to take
speeches and articles which talk about "intellectual capital" with a
grain of salt because most of these either:

- fail to address the urgent need for sustainability (with all the
pillars taken as important, not just the ecological/environmental
one), even if it means slowing down growth, taking steps back or
slowing the "progress". The lack of observation of the other pillars
also means that they fail to understand the importance of free/libre
software *philosophy*;

- use the term "intellectual property" to join completely distinct
concepts (copyright, trademarks, patents, non-disclosure agreements
and other things);

- mention variations of "to competete" verb and of "competitive
advantage", which don't have solid origins (sarcasm: thank you very
much Porterism) ([1]);

- make use of a misinterpretation of Darwin's work to justify that the
human being was already born to compete and so social and economic
life must also mimic this. This misinterpretation is known as
social/economic Darwinism. It must be noted however that the term is
*not* related to Darwin's work, nor it's original idea --- of
collaboration and rational thinking. It's related to a
*misinterpretation* --- which fosters competition ([2]);

- ignore at least one of UNESCO's report ([3]);

- dismiss the capabilities theory/approach of political philosophy and
one of the essential capabilities: the need for the end-user/consumer
to have full control of his environment and the related materials
([4][5][6]);

- and with all the previous points, so fail to understand or mention the
importance of free/libre software philosophy and how it prevents the
tragedy of the anticommons ([7][8][3][9]).

[1]

(under CC BY 4.0).

[2]

(under CC BY-NC 4.0). Unfortunatelly this scientific work isn't
free/libre as recommended by [3], and also ends up recommending non-free
software such as Airbnb and Uber, but the argumentations presented in
the work are somewhat interesting.

[3] (informal
license that allows use, adaptation and redistribution, with adaptations
under similar terms).

[4]

(under CC BY 3.0).

[5]

(under CC BY-SA 4.0).

[6] (under CC BY 3.0).

[7] (under CC BY-NC
4.0). Also not free/libre per [3], but still a good read.

[8] (under CC BY-NC
4.0). The same note for [7] applies here.

[9]

(under CC BY 3.0).

2017-11-16T18:50:41+0100 name at domain wrote:
> If trade statistics included the value of intellectual property rights
> associated with physical goods, the United States would see an
> increase in export capacity and a decrease in the trade deficit.
>
> More and more American multinational corporations are outsourcing the
> production and assembly of their products to foreign companies. When
> they do so, they derive the largest share of their revenue from the
> intellectual property embedded in core technological innovation and
> brand names. However, conventional trade statistics are compiled based
> on the value of goods crossing national borders, as declared to
> customs. Generally, the added value associated with intellectual
> property rights and embedded in physical goods is not recorded as
> either export or import of any country. Hence, current trade
> statistics greatly underestimate United States (US) exports and
> substantially exaggerate its trade deficit. In this paper, we use the
> case of Apple, the largest American consumer products company, to
> illustrate the failure of conventional trade statistics to report
> actual US export capacity in the age of global value chains. According
> to our analysis of this case, if the value added of Apple intellectual
> property sold to foreign consumers was counted as part of US exports,
> total US exports would increase by 3.2%, and its trade deficit would
> decrease by 6.4%. In terms of bilateral trade, the value added under
> examination here would lower the US trade deficit with the region
> comprising the People’s Republic of China; Hong Kong, China;
> Taipei,China; and Macau, China by 5.7%, and that with Japan by 7.8%.
>
> https://www.adb.org/publications/global-value-chains-and-missing-exports-united-states

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