systemd
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Don't be afraid I don't want to start a flameware about init systems. I'm trying to understand. It's plaisant, man-pages are well done.
$ apropos systemd
30-systemd-environment-d-generator (8) - Load variables specified by environm...
deb-systemd-helper (1p) - subset of systemctl for machines not running systemd
deb-systemd-invoke (1p) - wrapper around systemctl, respecting policy-rc.d
dh_installsystemd (1) - install systemd unit files
dh_installsystemduser (1) - install systemd unit files
dh_systemd_enable (1) - enable/disable systemd unit files
dh_systemd_start (1) - start/stop/restart systemd unit files
gnome-logs (1) - log viewer for the systemd journal
init (1) - systemd system and service manager
journalctl (1) - Query the systemd journal
libnss_resolve.so.2 (8) - Provide hostname resolution via systemd-resolved.se...
libnss_systemd.so.2 (8) - Provide UNIX user and group name resolution for use...
loader.conf (5) - Configuration file for systemd-boot
loginctl (1) - Control the systemd login manager
networkd-dispatcher (8) - Dispatcher service for systemd-networkd connection ...
nss-resolve (8) - Provide hostname resolution via systemd-resolved.service
nss-systemd (8) - Provide UNIX user and group name resolution for user/g...
pam_systemd (8) - Register user sessions in the systemd login manager
systemctl (1) - Control the systemd system and service manager
systemd (1) - systemd system and service manager
systemd-analyze (1) - Analyze and debug system manager
systemd-ask-password (1) - Query the user for a system password
systemd-ask-password-console.path (8) - Query the user for system passwords o...
systemd-ask-password-console.service (8) - Query the user for system password...
systemd-ask-password-wall.path (8) - Query the user for system passwords on t...
systemd-ask-password-wall.service (8) - Query the user for system passwords o...
systemd-backlight (8) - Load and save the display backlight brightness at boo...
systemd-backlight@.service (8) - Load and save the display backlight brightne...
systemd-binfmt (8) - Configure additional binary formats for executables at...
systemd-binfmt.service (8) - Configure additional binary formats for executab...
systemd-bless-boot (8) - Mark current boot process as successful
systemd-bless-boot-generator (8) - Pull systemd-bless-boot.service into the i...
systemd-bless-boot.service (8) - Mark current boot process as successful
systemd-boot (7) - A simple UEFI boot manager
systemd-boot-check-no-failures (8) - verify that the system booted up cleanly
systemd-boot-check-no-failures.service (8) - verify that the system booted up...
systemd-boot-system-token.service (8) - Generate an initial boot loader syste...
systemd-cat (1) - Connect a pipeline or program's output with the journal
systemd-cgls (1) - Recursively show control group contents
systemd-cgtop (1) - Show top control groups by their resource usage
systemd-cryptsetup (8) - Full disk decryption logic
systemd-cryptsetup-generator (8) - Unit generator for /etc/crypttab
systemd-cryptsetup@.service (8) - Full disk decryption logic
systemd-debug-generator (8) - Generator for enabling a runtime debug shell an...
systemd-delta (1) - Find overridden configuration files
systemd-detect-virt (1) - Detect execution in a virtualized environment
systemd-environment-d-generator (8) - Load variables specified by environment.d
systemd-escape (1) - Escape strings for usage in systemd unit names
systemd-fsck (8) - File system checker logic
systemd-fsck-root.service (8) - File system checker logic
systemd-fsck@.service (8) - File system checker logic
systemd-fsckd (8) - File system check progress reporting
systemd-fsckd.service (8) - File system check progress reporting
systemd-fsckd.socket (8) - File system check progress reporting
systemd-fstab-generator (8) - Unit generator for /etc/fstab
systemd-getty-generator (8) - Generator for enabling getty instances on the c...
systemd-gpt-auto-generator (8) - Generator for automatically discovering and ...
systemd-growfs (8) - Creating and growing file systems on demand
systemd-growfs@.service (8) - Creating and growing file systems on demand
systemd-halt.service (8) - System shutdown logic
systemd-hibernate-resume (8) - Resume from hibernation
systemd-hibernate-resume-generator (8) - Unit generator for resume= kernel pa...
systemd-hibernate-resume@.service (8) - Resume from hibernation
systemd-hibernate.service (8) - System sleep state logic
systemd-hostnamed (8) - Host name bus mechanism
systemd-hostnamed.service (8) - Host name bus mechanism
systemd-hwdb (8) - hardware database management tool
systemd-hybrid-sleep.service (8) - System sleep state logic
systemd-id128 (1) - Generate and print sd-128 identifiers
systemd-importd (8) - VM and container image import and export service
systemd-importd.service (8) - VM and container image import and export service
systemd-inhibit (1) - Execute a program with an inhibition lock taken
systemd-initctl (8) - /dev/initctl compatibility
systemd-initctl.service (8) - /dev/initctl compatibility
systemd-initctl.socket (8) - /dev/initctl compatibility
systemd-journald (8) - Journal service
systemd-journald-audit.socket (8) - Journal service
systemd-journald-dev-log.socket (8) - Journal service
systemd-journald-varlink@.socket (8) - Journal service
systemd-journald.service (8) - Journal service
systemd-journald.socket (8) - Journal service
systemd-journald@.service (8) - Journal service
systemd-journald@.socket (8) - Journal service
systemd-kexec.service (8) - System shutdown logic
systemd-localed (8) - Locale bus mechanism
systemd-localed.service (8) - Locale bus mechanism
systemd-logind (8) - Login manager
systemd-logind.service (8) - Login manager
systemd-machine-id-commit.service (8) - Commit a transient machine ID to disk
systemd-machine-id-setup (1) - Initialize the machine ID in /etc/machine-id
systemd-makefs (8) - Creating and growing file systems on demand
systemd-makefs@.service (8) - Creating and growing file systems on demand
systemd-mkswap@.service (8) - Creating and growing file systems on demand
systemd-modules-load (8) - Load kernel modules at boot
systemd-modules-load.service (8) - Load kernel modules at boot
systemd-mount (1) - Establish and destroy transient mount or auto-mount po...
systemd-network-generator (8) - Generate network configuration from the kerne...
systemd-network-generator.service (8) - Generate network configuration from t...
systemd-networkd (8) - Network manager
systemd-networkd-wait-online (8) - Wait for network to come online
systemd-networkd-wait-online.service (8) - Wait for network to come online
systemd-networkd.service (8) - Network manager
systemd-notify (1) - Notify service manager about start-up completion and o...
systemd-path (1) - List and query system and user paths
systemd-poweroff.service (8) - System shutdown logic
systemd-pstore (8) - A service to archive contents of pstore
systemd-pstore.service (8) - A service to archive contents of pstore
systemd-quotacheck (8) - File system quota checker logic
systemd-quotacheck.service (8) - File system quota checker logic
systemd-random-seed (8) - Load and save the system random seed at boot and sh...
systemd-random-seed.service (8) - Load and save the system random seed at boo...
systemd-rc-local-generator (8) - Compatibility generator for starting /etc/rc...
systemd-reboot.service (8) - System shutdown logic
systemd-remount-fs (8) - Remount root and kernel file systems
systemd-remount-fs.service (8) - Remount root and kernel file systems
systemd-resolve (1) - Resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS res...
systemd-resolved (8) - Network Name Resolution manager
systemd-resolved.service (8) - Network Name Resolution manager
systemd-rfkill (8) - Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot and change
systemd-rfkill.service (8) - Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot a...
systemd-rfkill.socket (8) - Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot an...
systemd-run (1) - Run programs in transient scope units, service units, ...
systemd-run-generator (8) - Generator for invoking commands specified on the ...
systemd-shutdown (8) - System shutdown logic
systemd-sleep (8) - System sleep state logic
systemd-sleep.conf (5) - Suspend and hibernation configuration file
systemd-socket-activate (1) - Test socket activation of daemons
systemd-socket-proxyd (8) - Bidirectionally proxy local sockets to another (p...
systemd-suspend-then-hibernate.service (8) - System sleep state logic
systemd-suspend.service (8) - System sleep state logic
systemd-sysctl (8) - Configure kernel parameters at boot
systemd-sysctl.service (8) - Configure kernel parameters at boot
systemd-system-update-generator (8) - Generator for redirecting boot to offli...
systemd-system.conf (5) - System and session service manager configuration files
systemd-sysusers (8) - Allocate system users and groups
systemd-sysusers.service (8) - Allocate system users and groups
systemd-sysv-generator (8) - Unit generator for SysV init scripts
systemd-time-wait-sync (8) - Wait Until Kernel Time Synchronized
systemd-time-wait-sync.service (8) - Wait Until Kernel Time Synchronized
systemd-timedated (8) - Time and date bus mechanism
systemd-timedated.service (8) - Time and date bus mechanism
systemd-timesyncd (8) - Network Time Synchronization
systemd-timesyncd.service (8) - Network Time Synchronization
systemd-tmpfiles (8) - Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary ...
systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service (8) - Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile ...
systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer (8) - Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile an...
systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service (8) - Creates, deletes and cleans up volat...
systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service (8) - Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile ...
systemd-tty-ask-password-agent (1) - List or process pending systemd password...
systemd-udev-settle.service (8) - Wait for all pending udev events to be handled
systemd-udevd (8) - Device event managing daemon
systemd-udevd-control.socket (8) - Device event managing daemon
systemd-udevd-kernel.socket (8) - Device event managing daemon
systemd-udevd.service (8) - Device event managing daemon
systemd-umount (1) - Establish and destroy transient mount or auto-mount po...
systemd-update-utmp (8) - Write audit and utmp updates at bootup, runlevel ch...
systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service (8) - Write audit and utmp updates at bo...
systemd-update-utmp.service (8) - Write audit and utmp updates at bootup, run...
systemd-user-sessions (8) - Permit user logins after boot, prohibit user logi...
systemd-user-sessions.service (8) - Permit user logins after boot, prohibit u...
systemd-user.conf (5) - System and session service manager configuration files
systemd-veritysetup (8) - Disk integrity protection logic
systemd-veritysetup-generator (8) - Unit generator for integrity protected bl...
systemd-veritysetup@.service (8) - Disk integrity protection logic
systemd-volatile-root (8) - Make the root file system volatile
systemd-volatile-root.service (8) - Make the root file system volatile
systemd.automount (5) - Automount unit configuration
systemd.device (5) - Device unit configuration
systemd.directives (7) - Index of configuration directives
systemd.dnssd (5) - DNS-SD configuration
systemd.environment-generator (7) - systemd environment file generators
systemd.exec (5) - Execution environment configuration
systemd.generator (7) - systemd unit generators
systemd.index (7) - List all manpages from the systemd project
systemd.journal-fields (7) - Special journal fields
systemd.kill (5) - Process killing procedure configuration
systemd.link (5) - Network device configuration
systemd.mount (5) - Mount unit configuration
systemd.negative (5) - DNSSEC trust anchor configuration files
systemd.net-naming-scheme (7) - Network device naming schemes
systemd.netdev (5) - Virtual Network Device configuration
systemd.network (5) - Network configuration
systemd.offline-updates (7) - Implementation of offline updates in systemd
systemd.path (5) - Path unit configuration
systemd.positive (5) - DNSSEC trust anchor configuration files
systemd.preset (5) - Service enablement presets
systemd.resource-control (5) - Resource control unit settings
systemd.scope (5) - Scope unit configuration
systemd.service (5) - Service unit configuration
systemd.slice (5) - Slice unit configuration
systemd.socket (5) - Socket unit configuration
systemd.special (7) - Special systemd units
systemd.swap (5) - Swap unit configuration
systemd.syntax (7) - General syntax of systemd configuration files
systemd.target (5) - Target unit configuration
systemd.time (7) - Time and date specifications
systemd.timer (5) - Timer unit configuration
systemd.unit (5) - Unit configuration
people don't like but the majority never lookup. systemd is a buzzword. Maybe it's was introduced to "aggressively". I don't know... I'm too was afraid.
I was tired to switch all the time between distributions for an init system and a package manager. Software are more or less the same between distros. All the need I have and I'm a newbie is source code!
Yes and I realize that people can make flameware about "init system". It's like vi vs emacs. You need to study all.
This is a list of systemd free distributions.
2021 list of “healthy” hardcore distros in alphabetical order
Obarun Linux –> obarun.org (the most extensive distribution that meets the criteria)
Kiss Linux –> kisslinux.org (New and even more promising – independent from community influence)
Kwort Linux –> kwort.org
Sabotage Linux –> sabotage-linux (most inspiring commitments and goals)
Oasis linux –> oasislinux/oasis
Zandra linux –> zandra.org
Mutiny linux –> mutiny.red
Glaucus linux –> glaucuslinux.org
Mere Linux —> merelinux.org (alpha project – active again Musl + pacman )
Iglunix Linux —> https://github.com/iglunix/iglunix/releases, https://iglunix.xyz. (musl busybox no-gnu + alt kernels + wayland NoX)
Chimera Linux —> chimera-linux.org (hard to tell apart from Iglunix)
CarbsLinux —> carbslinux.org (Kiss fork with CPT pkg manager sinit/runit/busybox )
Gobo Linux —> gobolinux.org (Alternative filesystem structure source based glibc)
Venom Linux —> venomlinux.org (forked from LFS glibc now with runit )
It's not fsf in the sense... But I'll become crazy. Stick with trisquel. All I need is a derivation of the GNU operating system.
You copied the 2021 "hardcore list" from the sysdfree website. It's important to note that those writers are a bunch of ultra-purists who are more interested in avoiding a long list of software than they are of recommending actual workable distros. Most of the "distros" on that list either are not an actual working distro, or would be nearly impossible for average users to get installed.
For example, the home page of Chimera Linux currently states, "It does not yet include a kernel or an init system, so it cannot boot yet."
Mutiny.red: "No bootable system yet, this OS mostly exists as a pile of documents and some broken chroots for now."
Sabotage: "Bootstrap your own Sabotage system from source"
Glaucus: "This release is by no means stable and shouldn't be used for production use, it's only here to show that the project is still alive and kicking."
Mere: "Mere’s usability has been low, as ideas and concepts took priority in development over usability. So now, to build some adoption, the project is re-focusing efforts to release a stable and usable first version."
iglunux: "This is a pre-release and isn't meant for use in production. This is meant for people to experiment with Iglunix and try out the system for fun. Installing is a pain and we haven't got any documentation on that yet so have fun :^)." And "In order to boot you may need to add a /dev directory."
Carbs: "Kernel isn't managed under the main repositories, even though you could package one for your personal use. Here is an example kernel package, which you will need to reconfigure for your specific setup if you want to make use of it. "
Oasis installation: "Build/obtain a kernel. By convention, install it at /boot/linux."
Sabotage: "Since our time is limited, some non-core packages that lack a maintainer and we consider of low importance will be updated (upstream URL) without a build test and marked as [untested] in the commit message. Those packages may or may not build. If you find a build error in such a package feel free to report the error or even better, fix it, make a PR and claim maintainership."
Obarun may be the easiest on that list to install. I've tried several times to install it, and was finally successful in my most recent attempt.
If all a user wanted to avoid was systemd, but still have an easy to install distro, the list would be:
FSF-approved:
Parabola openrc version
Hyperbola (not easy to install, but there's pretty good documentation)
FSF-not-approved:
Devuan (easy to install)
antiX (easiest non-systemd distro to install)
Artix (easy to install)
Void
Slackware (not the easiest to install, but there's plenty of documentation)
GNU guix works fine also. I think I have moved to a step where I don't care a lot about the distro. I switch all the time between trisquel and guix and use the same software on both.
You have systemd https://systemd.io/
and on another you have shepherd https://www.gnu.org/software/shepherd/
They all have good documentation. It's not bad after all.
Unfortunately, like so many "debates", the one around systemd seems to have been dominated by an army of ideologues with no interest in context or nuance. Despite the fact that- to me- the concerns around systemd do seem valid, the world wasn't going to be destroyed and software freedom continues as it has always. For most people it is a perfectly acceptable init.
I agree, there's too much polarization around this subject.
FSF-approved:
Parabola openrc version
Hyperbola (not easy to install, but there's pretty good documentation)
Theres trisquel and pureos
but its nigh impossible or difficult
Runit is my favorite, very lightweight more than any other init system, though it is harder than Openrc. It apparently has extremely fast boot and poweroff times.
s6 never used, but I hear its a lightweight way to replace systemd without losing most functionality, still bloated more than other init systems, but hey its possible it could help crush systemd in the future if it does everything systemd does with less of its vulnerabilities and maybe it can be as light as openrc's later versions. Who knows eh?
openrc is simple very much so, but the later versions seem to be getting more bloated, thus its like s6 in some ways, though probably easier for most people.
I think the reason systemd is polarized was because its never been fully audited and breaks so much from the design of simplicity. Also, it is extremely large code base. Like 1 million lines of code or so? I don't know how anyone can find and fix the vulnerabilities with that insane level of creep.
Even s6 and openrc and runit combined aren't that huge.
That being said, debian was right to ditch sysvinit in the past, but they also shouldve looked at openrc, runit, s6 and actually taken them seriously. They are all much more simple to use, to start services, etc...
It still puzzles me that was the path they took, aka to go full on systemd. I heard on debian 11 they decided to allow non-systemd init systems again.
Which is a huge improvement. My two cents
Apparently- I may very well be wrong- Debian's decision was influenced by GNOME already integrating it, which is it at least understandable. If that is indeed the case, however, it's an extremely worrying indication of the sheer influence the corporatist open source philosophy has in the free software community.
I am not sure, research would be needed to know for sure.
Its possible I suppose. I don't know why Gnome is so important that people would need to support it though at the cost of needing something like systemd though.
Not talking about now, but the past.
It just seems like a silly design to me.
Idk... that's just me though.
At least they are rethinking their design if that's the case though.
Which is an improvement.
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