Unknown file system/Grub rescue: WTH?
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Hi all,
I've been away from home for a couple days and when I wanted to turn my netbook on today I encountered a DOS screen alerting me of an unknown file system and asking me to use a grub rescue that I'm completely uninformed of. I reckon this might be caused by the fact that I removed a partition on my hard drive which I had created to install Pardus but it wasn't possible through a USB stick so I just decided to remove that partition and I even did so on Trisquel to avoid any problems yet now I can't get my Grub screen on to launch my regular Trisquel install or even Windows. What can I do on grub rescue to solve this?
I would try from a Live system to chroot to your Trisquel root partition (I suppose here that this partition is /dev/sda1 and that your /boot is not on a separate partition):
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
cd /mnt
sudo mount --bind /dev dev
sudo mount --bind /sys sys
sudo mount --bind /proc proc
sudo chroot .
Then, you can update your GRUB config file and reinstall it:
sudo update-grub
sudo grub-install /dev/sda
On a live Trisquel Taranis session, I managed to arrive until the last point which is chroot but when I wrote sudo chroot I received a reply going chroot: missing operand.What can I do now? :(
I believe you forgot the dot as an "operand":
chroot .
God, I'm an idiot! :'( You were right, one of my problems since yesterday was that I constantly forget putting the dot after chroot...
Well, now that I've done it, this is what I have on my terminal:
sudo update-grub
sudo: unable to resolve host trisquel
Generating grub.cfg ...
Found background image: trisquel-grub.png
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-33-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-33-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-25-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-25-generic
ls: cannot access /media/EXPER: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /media/EXPER: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /media/EXPER: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /media/EXPER: No such file or directory
Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1
done
sudo grub-install /dev/sda
sudo: unable to resolve host trisquel
Installation finished. No error reported.
So what should I do next? Type down any kind of specific command to finish the operation and quit the terminal or just hit the X button to do it? :)
It definitely is solved so veuillez agréer mes remerciements ;) I'm looking for additional software for my Taranis since a couple days now that it fixed but a new problem arose which is Taranis warns me sometimes that there are less than 500 mb of free place on my system which I suspect to be linked to the fact that Trisquel created my sda5 too small at the beginning :(
Is there any way that I attribute an additional 5 gb of unused space on my hard drive to my sda5? :S
Of course it is possible. You had better done that with a Live CD (and even like that, you had better backed up your data first) so that the disk partitions can be unmounted. As far as I remember, the Trisquel's Live CD contains GParted in the System/Administration menu. This graphical interface to GNU Parted is pretty intuitive to use. The easiest way to go (if possible) is to resize the partition taking space on the adjacent one. Notice that GParted operations tales a looooooong time. Be patient.
It isn't possible to do anything on GParted normally anyway so I guess I'm kind of obliged to do it through my live USB :/ When I unmount my sda5 would I lose all the configuration and installation that I did to my recent Taranis system inevitably or should I just back up my data as a precaution? In any case, how can I make a mirror image of my recent Taranis so I can install it back in case something goes wrong during the resizing process?
Secondly, once I'm on a live session what should I do on GParted to increase the size of my sda5? According to its help index, I can just point to the arrows and slide it rightwards to the size I desire :S
'Umounting' means untying the file system (on the partition) from the rest of hierarchy of files. For instance, when you plug your USB key while Trisquel is running, its file system is automatically mounted (in a directory in /media). When you "eject" it, 'umount' is called. Of course, the data are not lost (actually, using 'umount' allows to ensure that all data were written before actually unplugging the key).
It is useless to backup the system (it can be easily reinstalled). Focus on your data (i.e., on /home). You can move them to another partition (on another disk or even on the same disk, a partition that would not be touched by parted). That said, you can live dangerously if you wish: the backup only is a precaution (imagine, for instance, a blackout). GParted lists what it will do before actually doing it: just check that you have not inadvertently asked for formatting a partition!
GParted is pretty intuitive to use (and it is tedious to explain stuffs to do with a GUI). Do not worry: you will figure out.
Alright, then I guess the optimal solution for me will be to copy my entire /home folder to a Windows partition and then do whatever necessary O:)
I think I'm about to have enough with all this GNU/Linux affair. Apparently, nothing can be just fixed easily and there has to be a problem every single time :@
Now, I run my Taranis live USB to add just 5 gb to my sda5 which my retarded Taranis installation set too small to begin with and I can't do it because there is sda6 which is the Linux-swap of 1.5gb there and then sda7 of 45gb. And all of these are situated under a general table of sda4.
There's also an unallocated 5 gb after my sda3 but needless to say that it isn't good for anything either.
Can anybody tell me how I can add just 5gb to my sda5 when there's 5gb free after my sda3, 45gb unused place at sda7 and an additional 15gb unallocated after it for God's sake?
Can you take a screenshot (either main menu --> accessories --> take screenshot or ctrl-printscrn) so we can see how it looks in gparted. A screenshot is kinda useful. It's kinda hard to imagine it through text
Here's my problem in graphical detail:
http://gparted-forum.surf4.info/viewtopic.php?id=13418 This guide seems to explain how to do what you want. What you need to do it seems is combine your unallocated space and then use that to resize that partition.
When using gparted I would take this in mind from their documentation site (http://gparted.sourceforge.net/display-doc.php?name=help-manual&lang=C)
"Caution
Editing partitions has the potential to cause LOSS of DATA.
The gparted application is designed to enable you to edit partitions while reducing the risk of data loss. The application is carefully tested and is used by the GParted project team. However, loss of data might occur due to software bugs, hardware problems, or power failure.
You can help to reduce the risk of data loss by not mounting or unmounting partitions outside of the gparted application while gparted is running.
You are advised to BACKUP your DATA before using the gparted application. "
The concerned topic doesn't quite explain what I want to do but as often you've helped me indirectly by showing me the web page to Gparted where it makes much more sense to ask my question. I just can't think of things so simple sometimes :(
Since the swap partition does not contain any "permanent data", it can be deleted an recreated at the end of the disk. That already make 1.57 GB easily obtained to extend /dev/sda5. When I say "at the end of the disk", I mean it. Indeed you can also extend /dev/sda7 until the beginning of the new swap partition. Since, this is your /home partition, the bigger the better (/dev/sda5 only needs to be big enough for he system, which does not grow much once installed).
I then wonder whether it is possible to extend/dev/sda4 on the left. If so, you win 4.88 GB for /dev/sda5 and a total of 12.6 GB, which should be more than enough for the system.
If the extension of /dev/sda4 on the left is impossible, there are two possible ways to obtain a larger /dev/sda5 but I am not sure the first one is possible with XFS:
1) reduce /dev/sda7. With ext4, it takes hours (all the data on /dev/sda7 are moved by GParted) but it works.
2) create a small partition (e.g., 1 GB) in the free space (just before the new swap partition), mount it (do you know how to do that?) and copy all the data in /dev/sda7 to this new partition (I guess there is no problem doing it from nautilus). You can then remove /dev/sda7 and have all the space you want to extend /dev/sda5. You can then either resize the 1GB partition (again: if the chosen filesystem allows it) or, again create another partition in the remaining free space and copy the data...
Yes, all that is not simple but it is not easier from something else than GNU/Linux.
I've dealt with such problems many times when I was starting out with GNU/Linux 4 years ago. I think the best solution for you is:
* Copy all data from sda7 to another partition
* Delete sda7 and sda6(if it doesn't allow you then right click and select 'swap off'
* Resize sda5 to extend on the right(DO NOT extend any partition to left, it'll take HOURS and will be counter-productive)
* Resize the extended partition sda4 all the way to right. Create new partitions for swap and home(as much as you require)
* Resize sda3 to the right(if ntfs allows that) to reclaim that ~5 gb space.
I hope it helps. Some things to note
* You cannot resize or move xfs partitions, only way to do that is backup, delete and recreate
* NEVER resize a partition to the left if it has ANY data on it.
* NEVER give up :P
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