A weird workaround
I recently repaired a non-functional phone by installing LineageOS (with Android's most anti-features removed).
The only problem is that the TF card cannot be properly mounted as writable using either ext4 or f2fs file system.
I need to store files bigger than 4 GiB on the card, but exFAT is not well supported by the system, either.
You may have already guessed the workaround I used: NTFS.
Why does't ext4 work? That is strange.
I would love to install LineageOS but my cell phone is not supported besides some unofficial builds on xda-developers.com, so I use the severely outdated stock OS. The phone is pretty good though, it was really cheap but works perfectly after 4 years of use. Once this phone breaks maybe I will get a Pinephone.
When I tested ext4 or f2fs, it was always mounted as read only, even if I manually set the user/group for the root directory. exFAT is not an option for me, since it's awkwardly designed, and is even harder (than NTFS) to repair when broken.
Trivial: official releases of Resurrection Remix on some models began to include Google apps by default, rendering them no better than Google's Android. Stay away from it (if the ROM size exceeds 1 GB). I haven't seen LineageOS doing the same.