The newest emacs I can get via apt install on Trisquel (and also guix install) is 27.2
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but I just downloaded Emacs 30.1 for OS X and it works... Same case for Jupyter, Rust, and Haskell, and a lot of other stuff, no time wasted, no drama, none of that. So why should I use Trisquel? and I don't get into a lot of dumb stuff with a root partition of 25GB and having to work around that...
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There are LTS (long term support) and rolling distros. LTS provides stability (all software on it will continue to work until end of support), rolling distros provide latest software. Both have advantages and drawbacks, see explanation at https://wiki.parabola.nu/Rolling_vs._LTS.
Trisquel is an LTS distro. If you want latest software, Parabola is a good choice (but more work). I use both Trisquel and Parabola (on different computers).
Guix has emacs 30.1, so you are doing something wrong (for my own usage, any version of emacs makes no difference). For Trisquel, if you want to avoid issue with root partition size, use the netinstaller (click "more" on the download page) and choose "all in one partition" (the default), so no size issue. Or use the normal installer, choose "something else" and decide all your partitions manually (more work).
The first time that someone installs from Guix, it oftens uses the previous version before the latest one due to the lack of repo update and/or sync. That's what I learned in the hard way when I tested Guix System. So, the first thing is to make sure that the Guix repos should be up-to-date in order to avoid that kind of misunderstandings.
Even I'm using both Trisquel and Parabola in different computers, so you're right in the different focus of both distros.
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I was told one month ago by someone who is a big fan of Guix System that one should not use the version marked "stable" to install, rather the version marked "latest". I tried and I noticed that this makes the initial update much faster.
About the repo update/sync, I don't know. Another trick I was told is, when running "guix pull", to refer to a commit at least 48h old, to get a better chance that substitutes are already available for all software.
In general, Guix System has a lot of tools, the person guiving me the previous advice is including in his system configuration all the software he uses, I somehow tried but it looks like I would need to read and understand the entire manual first (he advised me to do it), and I still have a really hard time understanding it, so Guix System remains a bit of a challenge for me now.
It’s totally valid if Trisquel doesn’t meet your needs, no single distro fits all use cases, there are other fully free systems that might better suit your workflow and expectations.
Based on your recent comments, it seems Trisquel isn't the right fit for you, and that's okay. I hope you find a system that aligns better with what you're looking for.
All the best
Five days ago, I listed you two easy ways to install the latest Emacs on Trisquel: https://trisquel.info/forum/initialized-drive-reinstalled-trisquel#comment-180248
As you have already been told, you can use Parabola or the Guix system if you want the latest of everything.
Looked at stuff about Parabola - found this: https://labs.parabola.nu/issues/3691 - so I'm not interested already. And https://www.parabola.nu/ looks like it died about six months ago. I suppose that leaves Guix...
The latest years, the maintenance activity has been reduced since some of the core mantainers has been moved to the Hyperbola team (and the decease of Emulatorman, which was the core leader of Parabola and Hyperbola), but the case is the distro has been keeping alive their activity. In June 30th, Parabola updated Iceweasel to the version 140 at the same day that Trisquel updated Abrowser to the version 140. Both distros have issues dealing with the actual development scheme that Thunderbird source code has been adopted, which it means that Trisquel get stuck with the ESR branch based in 128.x.x, meanwhile the Parabola version needs to check their rebranding settings in order to be up-to-date to at lest in the actual release branch.
The usual thing is the PCR repo are most of the most demanded AUR packages that passed the FSDG filter, which is needed to be complied in order to be allowed to the Parabola repos. However, due to the size of the maintenance distro is small compared to the Trisquel one, the PCR repo often doesn't have the same priority as the "libre" and the "core", "community", and "multilib/libre-multilib" repos. PCR repos are equally optional as the AUR packages ones, but the affirm that Parabola is a dead fork is a blatantly ignorant affirmation. It's not BLAG or DyneBolic before the Devuan-based release.